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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10610</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2012-4-4-28-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epigenetics of Pluripotent Cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпигенетика плюрипотентных клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakian@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokushalov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покушалов</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakian@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakian</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закиян</surname><given-names>С. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakian@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Meshalkin Novosibirsk State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт патологии кровообращения им. академика Е.Н. Мешалкина Минздравсоцразвития Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 4, NO4 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 4, №4 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Medvedev S.P., Pokushalov E.A., Zakian S.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Медведев С.П., Покушалов E.A., Закиян С.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvedev S.P., Pokushalov E.A., Zakian S.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведев С.П., Покушалов E.A., Закиян С.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10610">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10610</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pluripotency is maintained by a complex system that includes the genetic and epigenetic levels. Recent studies have shown that the genetic level (transcription factors, signal pathways, and microRNAs) closely interacts with the enzymes and other specific proteins that participate in the formation of the chromatin structure. The interaction between the two systems results in the unique chromatin state observed in pluripotent cells. In this review, the epigenetic features of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are considered. Special attention is paid to the interplay of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG with the Polycomb group proteins and other molecules involved in the regulation of the chromatin structure. The participation of the transcription factors of the pluripotency system in the inactivation of the X chromosome is discussed. In addition, the epigenetic events taking place during reprogramming of somatic cells to the pluripotent state and the problem of “epigenetic memory” are considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Плюрипотентность клеток поддерживается сложнейшей системой, включающей генетический и эпигенетический уровни. Исследования последних лет показывают, что генетический уровень, включающий транскрипционные факторы, сигнальные пути и микроРНК, тесно взаимодействует с системой ферментов и других специфических белков, участвующих в формировании структуры хроматина. Взаимодействие этих двух систем формирует уникальное состояние хроматина, существующее в плюрипотентных клетках. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены особенности эпигенетики эмбриональных стволовых и индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток. Особое внимание уделено взаимодействию транскрипционных факторов OCT4, SOX2 и NANOG с белками группы Polycomb и другими молекулами, участвующими в регуляции структуры хроматина. Обсуждено участие транскрипционных факторов системы поддержания плюрипотентности в процессе инактивации X-хромосомы. Рассмотрены также эпигенетические события, происходящие при репрограммировании соматических клеток к плюрипотентному состоянию, и проблемы, связанные с «эпигенетической памятью».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>embryonic stem cells</kwd><kwd>induced pluripotent stem cells</kwd><kwd>pluripotency</kwd><kwd>covalent histone modifications</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>ковалентные модификации гистонов</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>плюрипотентность</kwd><kwd>эмбриональные стволовые клетки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants No. 11-04-00847-a and 12-04-00208-a) and the Program of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Molecular and Cell Biology”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана РФФИ(гранты № 11-04-00847-а и 12-04-00208-а), а также Программой РАН «Молекулярная и клеточная биология».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Boiani M., Scholer H.R. // Nat. 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