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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10596</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2013-5-2-40-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Evolutionary Pathway of X Chromosome Inactivation in Mammals</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюционный путь процесса инактивации Х-хромосомы у млекопитающих</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>A. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakian@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakian@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakian</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закиян</surname><given-names>С. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakian@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт патологии кровообращения им.акад. Е.Н. Мешалкина Минздравсоцразвития РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 5, NO2 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 5, №2 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Shevchenko A.I., Zakharova I.S., Zakian S.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Шевченко A.И., Захарова И.С., Закиян С.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko A.I., Zakharova I.S., Zakian S.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко A.И., Захарова И.С., Закиян С.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10596">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10596</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>X chromosome inactivation is a complex process that occurs in marsupial and eutherian mammals. The process is thought to have arisen during the differentiation of mammalian sex chromosomes to achieve an equal dosage of X chromosome genes in males and females. The differences in the X chromosome inactivation processes in marsupial and eutherian mammals are considered, and the hypotheses on its origin and evolution are discussed in this review.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инактивация Х-хромосомы - сложный эпигенетический процесс, который существует у сумчатых и плацентарных млекопитающих. Предполагают, что возникновение этого процесса связано с дифференцировкой половых хромосом и необходимостью компенсации дозы генов Х-хромосомы у самцов и самок. В обзоре рассмотрены особенности процесса инактивации X-хромосомы у сумчатых и плацентарных, а также обсуждаются гипотезы о его происхождении и эволюции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mammals</kwd><kwd>X chromosome inactivation</kwd><kwd>Xist</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>млекопитающие</kwd><kwd>инактивация Х-хромосомы</kwd><kwd>Xist</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the RFBR (grant No. 12-04-31465 mol_a), the RAS Molecular and Cellular Biology Programme, and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 8264).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана РФФИ (грант №12-04-31465мол_а), Программой РАН «Молекулярная и клеточная биология», Министерством образования и науки РФ (соглашение 8264).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Bininda-Emonds O.R., Cardillo M., Jones K.E., MacPhee R.D., Beck R.M., Grenyer R., Price S.A., Vos R.A., Gittleman J.L., Purvis A. // Nature 2007, V.446, №7135, P.507-512</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Lyon M.F. // Nature 1961, V.190, №4773, P.372-373</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Escamilla-Del-Arenal M., Rocha S.T., Heard E. // Hum. 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