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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10593</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2013-5-3-107-115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Transfer of Silver Nanoparticles through the Placenta and Breast Milk during in vivo Experiments on Rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перенос наночастиц серебра через плаценту и молоко матери в эксперименте на крысах in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gmosh@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzulukov</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бузулуков</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gmosh@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gmosh@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>В. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gmosh@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gmoshinski</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гмошинский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gmosh@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyshko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тышко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gmosh@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>В. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gmosh@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution «Institute of Nutrition» of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт питания РАМН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center Kurchatov Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 5, NO3 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 5, №3 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Melnik E.A., Buzulukov Y.P., Demin V.F., Demin V.A., Gmoshinski I.V., Tyshko N.V., Tutelyan V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Мельник E.A., Бузулуков Ю.П., Демин В.Ф., Демин В.A., Гмошинский И.В., Тышко Н.В., Тутельян В.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnik E.A., Buzulukov Y.P., Demin V.F., Demin V.A., Gmoshinski I.V., Tyshko N.V., Tutelyan V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельник E.A., Бузулуков Ю.П., Демин В.Ф., Демин В.A., Гмошинский И.В., Тышко Н.В., Тутельян В.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10593">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10593</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Silver nanoparticles (NPs), widely used in the manufacture of various types of consumer products and for medical applications, belong to novel types of materials that pose potential risks to human health. The potential negative effects of the influence of these NPs on reproduction are insufficiently researched. A quantitative assessment of the transfer of metallic silver nanoparticles through the placenta and breast milk was carried out during an in vivo experiment. We used 34.9 ± 14.8 nm in size silver NPs that were stabilized by low-molecularweight polyvinylpyrrolidone and labeled with the 110mAg radioactive isotope using thermal neutron irradiation in a nuclear reactor. [110mAg]-labeled NPs preparations were administered intragastrically via a gavage needle to pregnant (20th day of gestation) or lactating (14-16th day of lactation) female rats at a dose of 1.69-2.21 mg/kg of body weight upon conversion into silver. The accumulation of NPs in rat fetuses and infant rats consuming their mother’s breast milk was evaluated using a low-background semiconductor gamma-ray spectrometer 24 and 48 hours following labeling, respectively. In all cases, we observed a penetration of the [110mAg]-labeled NPs through the placenta and ther entry into the mother’s milk in amounts exceeding by 100-1,000 times the sensitivity of the utilized analytical method. The average level of accumulation of NPs in fetuses was 0.085-0.147% of the administered dose, which was comparable to the accumulation of the label in the liver, blood, and muscle carcass of adult animals and exceeded the penetration of NPs across the hematoencephalic barrier into the brain of females by a factor of 10-100. In lactating females, the total accumulation of [110mAg]-labeled NPs into the milk exceeded 1.94 ± 0.29% of the administered dose over a 48 h period of lactation; not less than 25% of this amount was absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract of infant rats. Thus, this was the first time experimental evidence of the transfer of NPs from mother to offspring through the placenta and breast milk was obtained.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Наночастицы (НЧ) серебра, широко используемые при производстве различных видов потребительской продукции и в медицине, относятся к новым видам материалов, создающих потенциальные риски для здоровья человека. Возможные негативные эффекты воздействия этих НЧ на репродуктивную сферу изучены недостаточно. В эксперименте in vivo проведена количественная оценка переноса наночастиц ме- таллического серебра через плаценту и с молоком матери. Использовали НЧ серебра размером 34.9 ± 14.8 нм, стабилизированные низкомолекулярным поливинилпирролидоном, которые метили радиоактивным изотопом 110mAg путем облучения потоком тепловых нейтронов в ядерном реакторе. Препараты [110mAg]-НЧ вводили внутрижелудочно через зонд беременным (20-й день беременности) или лактирующим (14-16-й дни лактации) самкам крыс в дозе 1.69-2.21 мг/кг массы тела в расчете на серебро. Накопление НЧ в плодах крыс и в крысятах, потреблявших материнское молоко, определяли с помощью низкофонового полупро- водникового гамма-спектрометра через 24 и 48 ч после введения метки соответственно. Во всех случаях обнаружено проникновение метки [110mAg]-НЧ через плаценту и ее поступление в материнское молоко в количестве, в 100-1000 раз превышающем чувствительность использованного аналитического метода. Средний уровень накопления НЧ в плодах составлял 0.085-0.147% от введенной дозы, что было сопоставимо с аккумуляцией метки в печени, крови и мышечном каркасе взрослых животных, и, как минимум, в 10-100 раз превосходил проникновение НЧ через гематоэнцефалический барьер в головной мозг самок. У лактирующих самок суммарное поступление [110mAg]-НЧ в молоко составляло не менее 1.94 ± 0.29% от введенной дозы за 48 ч лактации; не менее 25% этого количества всасывалось в пищеварительном тракте крысят. Таким образом, впервые получены экспериментальные доказательства переноса НЧ от матери к потомству через плаценту и с грудным молоком.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>lactation</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>radioactive tracer</kwd><kwd>silver</kwd><kwd>fetoplacental barrier</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>лактация</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>радиоактивный индикатор</kwd><kwd>серебро</kwd><kwd>фетоплацентарный барьер</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Vernikov V.M., Gmoshinski I.V., Khotimchenko S.A. 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