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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10592</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2013-5-3-99-106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Impact of ADH1B Alleles and Educational Status on Levels and Modes of Alcohol Consumption in Russian Male Individuals</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние аллелей гена ADH1B и уровня образования на характер потребления алкоголя у российских мужчин</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borinskaya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боринская</surname><given-names>С. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borinskaya@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borinskaya@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanovich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанович</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borinskaya@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yankovsky</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янковский</surname><given-names>Н. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borinskaya@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный физико-технический институт (государственный университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Биологический факультет Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 5, NO3 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 5, №3 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Borinskaya S.A., Kim A.A., Rubanovich A.V., Yankovsky N.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Боринская С.A., Ким A.A., Рубанович A.В., Янковский Н.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borinskaya S.A., Kim A.A., Rubanovich A.V., Yankovsky N.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боринская С.A., Ким A.A., Рубанович A.В., Янковский Н.K.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10592">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10592</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alcohol abuse is one of the main reasons behind the low life span in Russia. Both social and genetic factors affect the alcohol consumption level. The genetic factors are alleles of the alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1B and aldehyde dehydrogenaseALDH2 genes. We have typed and found frequencies for the alleles in a cohort of 642 men, ethnic Russians. The individuals of the cohort were asked to complete a questionnaire in the framework of the Izhevsk Family Study (Leon et al., 2007, 2009) regarding the amount of alcohol consumed and on the type of hazardous alcohol consumption (nonbeverage alcohol consumption and the so-called “zapoï” which is a Russian term for a heavy drinking bout lasting for at least 2 days, when an individual is withdrawn from the normal social life). The ADH1B*48His allele was found among heterozygous individuals only (N=68, 10.6% of the cohort). The ALDH2*504Lys allele was also found among heterozygous individuals only (N=2, 0.3%) The effect of ADH1B alleles and the influence of the education level on the amount and type of alcohol consumed had not previously been studied in Russians. We have found that the amount of consumed alcohol is 21.6% lower (1733 g of ethanol per year) for ADH1B*48His allele carriers in the cohort of Russian men. The amount of consumed alcohol was found to be 9.8% lower (793 g of ethanol per year) in the case when individuals had a higher education as compared to those who had a secondary- or elementary school education level in the same cohort. Hence, the protective effect of the genetic factor (ADH1B*48His allele carriage) has proven to be more pronounced than the influence of the social factor (education level) at the individual level in the cohort of Russian men. Both factors have also proven to have a protective effect against hazardous types of alcohol consumption. Zapoï was not scored among individuals of the cohort with ADH1B*48His allele carriage (OR=12.6, P=0.006), as compared to 8.4% of “zapoï” individuals who did not carry the ADH1B*48His allele (genotype Arg/Arg).The percentage of individuals who consume non-beverage alcohol is lower (0.6%) in the subcohort of people with a higher education degree. This percentage is higher (6.0%, OR=10.0, P=0.004) in the subcohort of people without a higher education degree.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Злоупотребление алкоголем является одной из основных причин низкой продолжительности жизни в Российской Федерации. На количество потребляемого алкоголя влияют как социальные, так и генетические факторы. К генетическим факторам относятся аллели генов алкогольдегидрогеназы (ADH1B) и альдегиддегидрогеназы (ALDH2). В представленном исследовании определены частоты аллелей этих генов в группе из 642 русских мужчин с установленным по данным опроса количеством потребляемого алкоголя и характером потребления (частота потребления, типы алкогольных напитков, наличие запоев). Из них 68 (10.6%) индивидов были гетерозиготными носителями аллеля ADH1B*48His и 2 (0.3%) - носителями аллеля ALDH2*504Lys. Впервые описано влияние аллелей гена ADH1B на характер потребления алкоголя в российских популяциях. У носителей аллеля ADH1B*48His количество потребляемого алкоголя ниже в среднем на 21.6% (1733 г этанола в год). У русских мужчин с высшим образованием потребление алкоголя в среднем на 9.8% (793 г этанола в год) ниже, чем у мужчин со средним или начальным образованием. Таким образом, влияние генетического фактора (протективный эффект аллеля ADH1B*48His) на снижение потребления алкоголя оказалось более значительным, чем ранее описанное влияние высшего образования. Оба фактора влияют также на опасные стили потребления алкоголя: запои и потребление суррогатов. Доля лиц с запоями среди носителей генотипа Arg/Arg составила 8.4%, тогда как среди носителей аллеля His запои не выявлены (OR = 12.6, P = 0.006). Среди лиц с высшим образованием меньше доля потребляющих алкогольсодержащие суррогаты (0.6%), тогда как при более низком уровне образования частота потребления суррогатов выше - 6.0% (OR = 10.0, P = 0.004). Высшее образование снижает также и вероятность наличия запоев. В представленной работе впервые оценено влияние аллелей гена ADH1B на количество потребляемого алкоголя и проведено сравнение роли генетических и социальных факторов, влияющих на характер потребления алкоголя у русских мужчин.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohol consumption level</kwd><kwd>genetic polymorphisms</kwd><kwd>ADH1B gene</kwd><kwd>social factors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>потребление алкоголя</kwd><kwd>социальные факторы</kwd><kwd>генетический полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>ген ADH1B</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 12-06-00307) (S.A.B.) and the Program “Fundamental Sciences of Medicine” of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (N.K. Ya.).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана РФФИ (грант № 12-06-00307) (С.А.Б.) и Программой «Фундаментальные науки медицине» Президиума РАН (Н.К.Я.).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Nemtsov A.V. // Alcohol mortality in Russia, 1980–90. 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