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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10588</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2013-5-2-7-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Transfer and Expression of Small Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells Using Lentiviral Vectors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перенос и экспрессия малых интерферирующих РНК в клетках млекопитающих с помощью лентивирусных векторов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>T. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>saint_john@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>saint_john@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prassolov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прасолов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>saint_john@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 5, NO2 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 5, №2 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Lebedev T.D., Spirin P.V., Prassolov V.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Лебедев T.Д., Спирин П.В., Прасолов В.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedev T.D., Spirin P.V., Prassolov V.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедев T.Д., Спирин П.В., Прасолов В.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10588">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10588</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>RNA interference is a convenient tool for modulating gene expression. The widespread application of RNA interference is made difficult because of the imperfections of the methods used for efficient target cell delivery of whatever genes are under study. One of the most convenient and efficient gene transfer and expression systems is based on the use of lentiviral vectors, which direct the synthesis of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), the precursors of siRNAs. The application of these systems enables one to achieve sustainable and long-term shRNA expression in cells. This review considers the adaptation of the processing of artificial shRNA to the mechanisms used by cellular microRNAs and simultaneous expression of several shRNAs as potential approaches for producing lentiviral vectors that direct shRNA synthesis. Approaches to using RNA interference for the treatment of cancer, as well as hereditary and viral diseases, are under active development today. The improvement made to the methods for constructing lentiviral vectors and the investigation into the mechanisms of processing of small interfering RNA allow one to now consider lentiviral vectors that direct shRNA synthesis as one of the most promising tools for delivering small interfering RNAs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>РНК-интерференция является удобным инструментом, позволяющим модулировать экспрессию генов. Широкому применению РНК-интерференции мешает несовершенство методов эффективной доставки изучаемых генов в клетки-мишени. Одна из удобных и эффективных систем переноса генов и их экспрессии - система, основанная на применении лентивирусных векторов, направляющих синтез малых шпилечных РНК (shРНК) - предшественников siРНК. Использование подобных систем позволяет добиться устойчивой и долговременной экспрессии shРНК в клетках. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены такие подходы к созданию лентивирусных векторов, направляющих синтез shРНК, как адаптация процессинга искусственных shРНК к механизмам, используемым клеточными микроРНК, и экспрессия сразу нескольких shРНК. В настоящее время активно разрабатываются подходы к применению РНК-интерференции в терапии наследственных, онкологических и вирусных заболеваний. Совершенствование методов конструирования лентивирусных векторов, а также изучение механизмов процессинга малых интерферирующих РНК позволяют рассматривать лентивирусные векторы, направляющие синтез shРНК, как один из самых перспективных инструментов доставки малых интерферирующих РНК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lentiviral vectors</kwd><kwd>shRNA</kwd><kwd>RNA interference</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лентивирусные векторы</kwd><kwd>shРНК</kwd><kwd>РНК-интерференция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work is supported by the State Contract no. 16.512.11.2266, the Basic Research Program of the RAS Presidium "Molecular and Cell Biology" and the RFBR grant (grant No. 11-04-01365-a).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана Государственным контрактом № 16.512.11.2266, Программой фундаментальных исследований Президиума РАН «Молекулярная и клеточная биология» и грантом РФФИ (грант № 11-04-01365-а).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Meister G., Tuschl T. // Nature 2004, V.431, №7006, P.343-349</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tomari Y., Zamore P.D. // Genes Dev. 2005, V.19, №5, P.517-529</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Kim K., Lee Y.S., Carthew R.W. // RNA 2007, V.13, №1, P.22-29</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Macrae I.J., Ma E., Zhou M., Robinson C.V., Doudna J.A. // Proc. 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