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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10583</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2013-5-3-54-61</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">AZT 5’-Phosphonates: Achievements and Trends in the Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>5'-Фосфонаты AZT: достижения и перспективы в лечении и профилактике ВИЧ-инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khandazhinskaya</surname><given-names>А. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хандажинская</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khandazhinskaya@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широкова</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khandazhinskaya@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 5, NO3 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 5, №3 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Khandazhinskaya А.L., Shirokova E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Хандажинская А.Л., Широкова E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khandazhinskaya А.L., Shirokova E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хандажинская А.Л., Широкова E.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10583">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10583</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the numerous drawbacks, 3’-azido-3’-deoxythymidine (AZT, Zidovudine, Retrovir) remains one of the key drugs used in the treatment and prevention of HIV infection in both monotherapy and HAART. A strategy in searching for new effective and safe AZT agents among latent (depot) forms of AZT has yielded its first positive results. In particular, the sodium salt of AZT 5’-H-phosphonate (Nikavir, phosphazide) has demonstrated clinical advantages over parent AZT: first and foremost, lower toxicity and better tolerability. It can be effectively used for the prevention of vertical transmission from mothers to babies and as an alternative drug for HIV-infected patients with low tolerance to Zidovudine. Preclinical studies of another phosphonate, AZT 5’-aminocarbonylphosphonate, have demonstrated that it releases AZT when taken orally. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown a prolonged action potential. Based on the analysis of both toxicological and pharmacological data, AZT 5’-aminocarbonylphosphonate has been recommended for clinical trials.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>AZT (Зидовудин, Ретровир), несмотря на его многочисленные недостатки, остается одним из ключевых препаратов, используемых для профилактики и терапии ВИЧ-инфекции как в виде монотерапии, так и в составе ВААРТ. Стратегия поиска новых эффективных и безопасных соединений, направленная на создание латентных форм (депо-форм) на основе AZT, принесла первые положительные результаты. Так, натриевая соль 5'-H-фосфоната AZT (Никавир, фосфазид) показала клинические преимущества перед AZT, прежде всего значительно меньшую токсичность и лучшую переносимость. Никавир может эффективно использоваться для профилактики передачи ВИЧ от матери ребенку, а также в качестве альтернативного препарата при непереносимости Зидовудина. Доклинические испытания еще одного фосфоната, 5'-аминокарбонилфосфоната AZT, показали, что при его приеме происходит высвобождение AZT, причем фармакокинетические параметры AZT указывают на пролонгированность фармакологического действия. Анализ совокупности доклинических токсикологических и фармакологических данных позволил рекомендовать 5'-аминокарбонилфосфонат AZT для клинических исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anti-HIV therapy</kwd><kwd>AZT 5'-phosphonates</kwd><kwd>depot forms</kwd><kwd>Nikavir</kwd><kwd>preclinical trials</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>терапия ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>депо-формы</kwd><kwd>5'-фосфонаты AZT</kwd><kwd>Никавир</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 12-04-00581) and the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана РФФИ (грант № 12-04-00581) и Программой Президиума РАН «Молекулярная и клеточная биология».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] De Clercq E. // Biochim. 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