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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10579</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2013-5-3-35-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Non-Viral Delivery and Therapeutic Application of Small Interfering RNAs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Невирусные методы доставки и терапевтическое применение малых интерферирующих РНК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитенко</surname><given-names>Н. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nanthalia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prassolov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прасолов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nanthalia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 5, NO3 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 5, №3 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Nikitenko N.A., Prassolov V.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Никитенко Н.A., Прасолов В.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitenko N.A., Prassolov V.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитенко Н.A., Прасолов В.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10579">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10579</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful method used for gene expression regulation. The increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon creates new avenues for the application of the RNAi technology in the treatment of various human diseases. However, delivery of RNA interference mediators, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), to target cells is a major hurdle. Effective and safe pharmacological use of siRNAs requires carriers that can deliver siRNA to its target site and the development of methods for protection of these fragile molecules from in vivo degradation. This review summarizes various strategies for siRNA delivery, including chemical modification and non-viral approaches, such as the polymer-based, peptide-based, lipid-based techniques, and inorganic nanosystems. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects for the therapeutic application of these methods are also examined in this paper.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Интерференция РНК является удобным инструментом регуляции экспрессии генов. Результаты детального изучения молекулярных механизмов РНК-интерференции открывают перспективы использования этого подхода в терапии различных заболеваний человека. Эффективная доставка малых интерферирующих РНК (siРНК) к клеткам-мишеням представляет собой серьезную проблему, поэтому необходима разработка новых систем доставки siРНК к своим потенциальным мишеням, а также способов защиты этих нестабильных молекул от деградации в условиях in vivo. В данном обзоре рассмотрены различные виды химических модификаций siРНК, а также невирусные векторы для их доставки на основе природных и синтетических полимеров, липидов, пептидов и неорганических соединений. Описаны преимущества, недостатки и перспективы применения этих методов в клинической практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>RNA interference</kwd><kwd>small interfering RNA</kwd><kwd>non-viral delivery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интерференция РНК</kwd><kwd>малые интерферирующие РНК</kwd><kwd>невирусные системы доставки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Milhavet O., Gary D.S., Mattson M.P. // Pharmacol. Rev. 2003, V.55, №4, P.629-648</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Burnett J.C., Rossi J.J. // Chem. Biol. 2012, V.19, №1, P.60-71</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Vilgelm A.E., Chumakov S.P., Prassolov V.S. // Mol. Biol. 2006, V.40, №3, P.339-354</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>[4] Shrivastava N., Srivastava A. // Biotechnol. 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