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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10565</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2013-5-4-34-43</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Aptamers: Problems, Solutions and Prospects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аптамеры: проблемы, пути их решения и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лахин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lahin9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarantul</surname><given-names>V. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарантул</surname><given-names>В. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lahin9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gening</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генинг</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lahin9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной генетики РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 5, NO4 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 5, №4 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Lakhin A.V., Tarantul V.Z., Gening L.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Лахин А.В., Тарантул В.З., Генинг Л.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lakhin A.V., Tarantul V.Z., Gening L.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лахин А.В., Тарантул В.З., Генинг Л.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10565">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10565</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides that are capable of binding various molecules with high affinity and specificity. When the technology of aptamer selection was developed almost a quarter of a century ago, a suggestion was immediately put forward that it might be a revolutionary start into solving many problems associated with diagnostics and the therapy of diseases. However, multiple attempts to use aptamers in practice, although sometimes successful, have been generally much less efficient than had been expected initially. This review is mostly devoted not to the successful use of aptamers but to the problems impeding the widespread application of aptamers in diagnostics and therapy, as well as to approaches that could considerably expand the range of aptamer application.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аптамеры – короткие одноцепочечные олигонуклеотиды, способные с высокой аффинностью и специфичностью связываться с молекулами различной природы. Когда почти четверть века назад была разработана технология получения аптамеров, сразу же предположили, что она может послужить революционизирующим началом для решения многих проблем диагностики и терапии разнообразных заболеваний. Многочисленные попытки практического использования аптамеров, хотя и были иногда успешными, однако в целом результаты оказались значительно скромнее, чем ожидалось. Настоящий обзор посвящен главным образом не успехам в использовании аптамеров, а тем проблемам, которые затрудняют их широкое применение в терапии и диагностике, и тем подходам, которые могут существенно повлиять на расширение областей применения аптамеров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SELEX</kwd><kwd>aptamer</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>therapeutics</kwd><kwd>problems</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SELEX</kwd><kwd>аптамер</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>проблемы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Molecular and Cell Biology,” and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants №№ 13-04- 00598\13 and 13-04-00642\13).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана программой «Молекулярная и клеточная биология» Президиума РАН и РФФИ (гранты № 13-04-00598 и 13-04-00642).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Gilbert W. // Nature 1986, V.319, P.618</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Gold L., Janjic N., Jarvis T., Schneider D., Walker J.J., Wilcox S.K., Zichi D. // Cold Spring. 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