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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10561</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2014-6-1-61-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fusion to the Lysosome Targeting Signal of the Invariant Chain Alters the Processing and Enhances the Immunogenicity of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Встраивание сигнала направления в лизосомы инвариантной цепи изменяет деградацию обратной транскриптазы ВИЧ-1, повышая ее иммуногенность</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>estarodubova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaguliants</surname><given-names>М. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исагулянц</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>estarodubova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmenko</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьменко</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>estarodubova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>estarodubova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotova</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>estarodubova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>estarodubova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Каролинский институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 6, NO1 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 6, №1 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Starodubova E.S., Isaguliants М.G., Kuzmenko Y.V., Latanova A.A., Krotova О.А., Karpov V.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Стародубова Е.С., Исагулянц М.Г., Кузьменко Ю.В., Латанова А.А., Кротова О.А., Карпов В.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starodubova E.S., Isaguliants М.G., Kuzmenko Y.V., Latanova A.A., Krotova О.А., Karpov V.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стародубова Е.С., Исагулянц М.Г., Кузьменко Ю.В., Латанова А.А., Кротова О.А., Карпов В.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10561">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10561</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intracellular processing of the antigen encoded by a DNA vaccine is one of the key steps in generating an immune response. Immunization with DNA constructs targeted to the endosomal-lysosomal compartments and to the MHC class II pathway can elicit a strong immune response. Herein, the weakly immunogenic reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was fused to the minimal lysosomal targeting motif of the human MHC class II invariant chain. The motif fused to the N-terminus shifted the enzyme intracellular localization and accelerated its degradation. Degradation of the chimeric protein occurred predominantly in the lysosomal compartment. BALB/c mice immunized with the plasmid encoding the chimeric protein demonstrated an enhanced immune response, in the form of an increased antigen-specific production of Th1 cytokines, INF-γ and IL-2, by mouse splenocytes. Moreover, the majority of the splenocytes secreted both cytokines; i.e., were polyfunctional. These findings suggest that retargeting of the antigen to the lysosomes enhances the immune response to DNA vaccine candidates with low intrinsic immunogenicity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Внутриклеточный процессинг антигена, кодируемого ДНК-вакциной, является одним из ключевых этапов формирования иммунного ответа. ДНК-иммунизация антигенами, искусственно направленными в эндосомно-лизосомный компартмент и на презентацию в составе MHC класса II, приводит к индукции сильного иммунного ответа. В представленной работе с целью повышения иммуногенности ДНК-конструкции на основе обратной транскриптазы ВИЧ-1 создан химерный ген, который кодирует рекомбинантный белок с N-концевым коротким фрагментом инвариантной цепи молекулы МНС класса II человека, содержащим сигнал направления в лизосомы. Наличие этого сигнала привело к изменению локализации обратной транскриптазы и ускорению ее деградации в клетке. Деградация химерного белка происходила преимущественно за счет лизосомных протеаз. ДНК-иммунизация мышей линии BALB/c плазмидой, кодирующей химерный белок, привела к повышению иммунного ответа, что выразилось в более эффективной антигенспецифичной продукции Th1-цитокинов, IFN-γ и IL-2, спленоцитами иммунизированных животных. При этом большая часть спленоцитов продуцировала оба цитокина, т.е. была полифункциональной. Полученные данные показывают эффективность перенаправления антигена в лизосомы для улучшения ответа на ДНК-вакцинные антигены, обладающие исходно низкой иммуногенностью.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reverse transcriptase</kwd><kwd>invariant chain</kwd><kwd>antigen processing</kwd><kwd>DNA immunization</kwd><kwd>T-helper immune response</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>ДНК-вакцина</kwd><kwd>инвариантная цепь</kwd><kwd>обратная транскриптаза</kwd><kwd>процессинг антигена</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant № 11-04-01569-a).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана РФФИ (грант № 11-04-01569-a).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Gurunathan S., Klinman D.M., Seder R.A. // Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2000. V. 18. 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