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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10550</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2014-6-2-53-61</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Drosophila agnostic Locus: Involvement in the Formation of Cognitive Defects in Williams Syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Локус agnostic дрозофилы: вовлеченность в становление когнитивных нарушений при синдроме Уильямса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>21074@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>21074@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>G. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>21074@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savvateeva-Popova</surname><given-names>Е. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савватеева-Попова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>21074@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Herzen State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный педагогический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 6, NO2 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 6, №2 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Nikitina Е.А., Medvedeva A.V., Zakharov G.А., Savvateeva-Popova Е.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Никитина Е.А., Медведева А.В., Захаров Г.А., Савватеева-Попова Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitina Е.А., Medvedeva A.V., Zakharov G.А., Savvateeva-Popova Е.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитина Е.А., Медведева А.В., Захаров Г.А., Савватеева-Попова Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10550">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10550</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The molecular basis of the pathological processes that lead to genome disorders is similar both in invertebrates and mammals. Since cognitive impairments in Williams syndrome are caused by LIMK1 hemizygosity, could the spontaneous and mutant variants of the Drosophila limk1 gene serve as a model for studying two diagnostic features from three distinct cognitive defects of the syndrome? These two symptoms are the disturbance of visuospatial orientation and an unusualy strong fixation on the faces of other people during pairwise interaction with a stranger. An experimental approach to the first cognitive manifestation might be an analysis of the locomotor behavior of Drosophila larvae involving visuospatial orientation during the exploration of the surrounding environment. An approach to tackle the second manifestation might be an analysis of the most natural ways of contact between a male and a female during courtship (the first stage of this ritual is the orientation of a male towards a female and following the female with constant fixation on the female’s image). The present study of locomotor activity and cognitive repertoire in spontaneous and mutant variants of the Drosophila agnostic locus allows one to bridge alterations in the structure of the limk1 gene and behavior.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Молекулярная основа патологических процессов, влекущих развитие геномных болезней, едина у высших беспозвоночных и млекопитающих. Поскольку когнитивные расстройства при такой геномной болезни, как синдром Уильямса, вызываются гемизиготностью по гену limk1, то может ли созданная нами на дрозофиле модель этого синдрома с привлечением аллелей дикого типа и мутантов локуса agnostic, несущего ген limk1, способствовать анализу двух диагностических признаков триады когнитивных нарушений синдрома Уильямса? К ним относятся дефектность зрительно-пространственной ориентации и необычайно высокая степень сосредоточенности на лицах при внутрипарных взаимодействиях с незнакомыми. Подходом к изучению первого симптома может быть анализ локомоторного поведения личинки, при котором реализуется исследование окружающей среды, непременно вовлекающее зрительно-пространственную ориентацию. Подходом к изучению второго симптома может быть анализ самого естественного для взрослых особей дрозофилы контактов самца и самки при реализации полового ритуала, первым этапом которого является ориентация самца по отношению к самке и преследование ее при постоянной фиксации на образе преследуемой. Решению данных вопросов и посвящено данное исследование. Моделирование синдрома Уильямса с привлечением мутантных и спонтанных вариантов локуса agnostic позволило выявить влияние изменения структуры гена limk1 на локомоторные и когнитивные проявления.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Williams syndrome</kwd><kwd>LIMK1</kwd><kwd>Drosophila</kwd><kwd>locomotor activity</kwd><kwd>learning</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дрозофила</kwd><kwd>локомоторная активность</kwd><kwd>обучение</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>синдром Уильямса</kwd><kwd>LIMK1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant № 12-04-01737-a) and the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (programs № 7 and 30).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана РФФИ (грант № 12-04-01737-а), программами Президиума РАН (№ 7 и 30).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Bellugi U., Adolphs R., Cassady C., Chiles M. // Towards the neural basis for hypersociability in a genetic syndrome // Neuroreport. 1999, V.10, №8, P.1653-1657</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Järvinen-Pasley A., Bellugi U., Reilly J., Mills D.L., Galaburda A., Reiss A.L., Korenberg J.R. // Defining the social phenotype in Williams syndrome: a model for linking gene, the brain, and behavior // Dev. 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