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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10532</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2014-6-4-99-109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Acipensins - Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Leukocytes of the Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аципенсины - новые антимикробные пептиды из лейкоцитов русского осетра acipenser gueldenstaedtii</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balandin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баландин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shramova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шрамова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleev</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tagaev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тагаев</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokryakov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокряков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинникова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ovch@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine, Northwest Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ экспериментальной медицины СЗО РАМН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. акад. М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт (государственный университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 6, NO4 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 6, №4 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Shamova O.V., Orlov D.S., Balandin S.V., Shramova E.I., Tsvetkova E.V., Panteleev P.V., Leonova Y.F., Tagaev A.A., Kokryakov V.N., Ovchinnikova T.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Шамова О.В., Орлов Д.С., Баландин С.В., Шрамова Е.И., Цветкова Е.В., Пантелеев П.В., Леонова Ю.Ф., Тагаев A.A., Кокряков В.Н., Овчинникова Т.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamova O.V., Orlov D.S., Balandin S.V., Shramova E.I., Tsvetkova E.V., Panteleev P.V., Leonova Y.F., Tagaev A.A., Kokryakov V.N., Ovchinnikova T.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шамова О.В., Орлов Д.С., Баландин С.В., Шрамова Е.И., Цветкова Е.В., Пантелеев П.В., Леонова Ю.Ф., Тагаев A.A., Кокряков В.Н., Овчинникова Т.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10532">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10532</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in the innate defense mechanisms in humans and animals. We have isolated and studied a set of antimicrobial peptides from leukocytes of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii belonging to a subclass of chondrosteans, an ancient group of bony fish. Structural analysis of the isolated peptides, designated as acipensins (Ac), revealed in leukocytes of the Russian sturgeon six novel peptides with molecular masses of 5336.2 Da, 3803.0 Da, 5173.0 Da, 4777.5 Da, 5449.4 Da, and 2740.2 Da, designated as Ac1-Ac6, respectively. Complete primary structures of all the isolated peptides were determined, and the biological activities of three major components - Ac1, Ac2, and Ac6 - were examined. The peptides Ас1, Ас2, Ас3, Ас4, and Ac5 were found to be the N-terminal acetylated fragments 1-50, 1-35, 1-49, 1-44, and 1-51 of the histone Н2А, respectively, while Ас6 was shown to be the 62-85 fragment of the histone Н2А. The peptides Ac1 and Ac2 displayed potent antimicrobial activity towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli ML35p, Listeria monocytogenes EGD, MRSA ATCC 33591) and the fungus Candida albicans 820, while Ac6 proved effective only against Gram-negative bacteria. The efficacy of Ac 1 and Ac2 towards the fungus and MRSA was reduced upon an increase in the ionic strength of the solution. Ac1, Ac2, and Ac6, at concentrations close to their minimum inhibitory concentrations, enhanced the permeability of the E.coli ML35p outer membrane to the chromogenic marker, but they did not affect appreciably the permeability of the bacterial inner membrane in comparison with a potent pore-forming peptide, protegrin 1. Ac1, Ac2, and Ac6 revealed no hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes at concentrations of 1 to 40 μM and had no cytotoxic effect (1 to 20 μM) on K-562 and U-937 cells in vitro. Our findings suggest that histone-derived peptides serve as important anti-infective host defense molecules.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) являются важнейшими компонентами системы врожденного иммунитета человека и животных. Охарактеризован ряд АМП, выделенных нами из лейкоцитов русского осетра Acipenser gueldenstaedtii - представителя подкласса хрящевых ганоидов, формирующих наиболее древнюю группу костных рыб. Структурный анализ пептидов, названных аципенсинами (Ac), показал, что лейкоциты осетра содержат шесть пептидов с молекулярными массами 5336.2, 3803.0, 5173.0, 4777.5 и 5449.4 и 2740.2 Да, обозначенных Ac1-Ac6 соответственно. Нами определены полные первичные структуры всех выделенных пептидов и исследована биологическая активность трех главных компонентов - Ас1, Ас2 и Ac6. Установлено, что Ас1, Ас2, Ас3, Ас4 и Ас5 представляют собой N-концевые ацетилированные фрагменты 1-50, 1-35, 1-49, 1-44 и 1-51 гистона Н2А соответственно, а Ас6 является фрагментом 62-85 гистона Н2А. Выделенные из лейкоцитов пептиды Ас1 и Ас2 обладают высокой антимикробной активностью в отношении грамотрицательных и грамположительных бактерий ( <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> ML-35p, Listeria monocytogenes EGD, MRSA ATCC 33591), а также гриба Candida albicans 820. Ас6 активен только в отношении грамотрицательной бактерии. Активность Ac1 и Ас2 в отношении гриба и MRSA снижалась при повышении ионной силы раствора. В концентрациях, близких к минимальным ингибирующим, Ас1, Ас2 и Ас6 увеличивали проницаемость наружной мембраны <italic>E. coli</italic> ML-35p для хромогенного маркера, но их влияние на проницаемость цитоплазматической мембраны бактерии не было существенным по сравнению с действием мембраноактивного пептида протегрина 1. Все три аципенсина не проявляли гемолитической активности в отношении эритроцитов человека в диапазоне концентраций от 1 до 40 мкМ и не оказывали цитотоксических эффектов на клетки К-562 и U-937 (1-20 мкМ) <italic>in vitro</italic>. Обнаружение в лейкоцитах осетра антимикробных пептидов, производных гистона Н2А, свидетельствует в пользу предположения о биологически значимой роли гистонов и их фрагментов в обеспечении противоинфекционной защиты.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial peptides</kwd><kwd>sturgeon leukocytes</kwd><kwd>histone H2A derivatives</kwd><kwd>acipensin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антимикробные пептиды</kwd><kwd>аципенсины</kwd><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>лейкоциты осетра</kwd><kwd>производные гистона Н2А</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by a grant from the Federal Target Program “Research and Development on Priority Directions of Scientific-Technological Complex of Russia for 2014–2020” (agreement #14.604.21.0104). Unique identifier for Applied Scientific Research (project) RFMEFI60414X0104.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом ФЦП «Исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям развития научно-технологического комплекса России на 2014–2020 годы» (соглашение № 14.604.21.0104). Уникальный идентификатор прикладных научных исследований (проекта) RFMEFI60414X0104.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Kokryakov V.N. // Ocherki o vrozhdennom immunutete (Essays on the innate immunity). St-Petersburg: Nauka. 2006, P.261</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Rieger A.M., Barreda D.R. // Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2011, V.35, №12, P.1238-1245</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Cole A.M., Weis P., Diamond G. // J. Biol. 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