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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10521</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2014-6-4-10-26</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of Activation of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Механизмы активации потенциал-управляемых калиевых каналов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grizel</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гризель</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sokolova@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhov</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухов</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sokolova@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sokolova@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State MV Lomonosov University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 6, NO4 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 6, №4 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Grizel A.V., Glukhov G.S., Sokolova O.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Гризель А.В., Глухов Г.С., Соколова О.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grizel A.V., Glukhov G.S., Sokolova O.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гризель А.В., Глухов Г.С., Соколова О.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10521">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10521</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Voltage-gated potassium ion channels (Kv) play an important role in a variety of cellular processes, including the functioning of excitable cells, regulation of apoptosis, cell growth and differentiation, the release of neurotransmitters and hormones, maintenance of cardiac activity, etc. Failure in the functioning of Kv channels leads to severe genetic disorders and the development of tumors, including malignant ones. Understanding the mechanisms underlying Kv channels functioning is a key factor in determining the cause of the diseases associated with mutations in the channels, and in the search for new drugs. The mechanism of activation of the channels is a topic of ongoing debate, and a consensus on the issue has not yet been reached. This review discusses the key stages in studying the mechanisms of functioning of Kv channels and describes the basic models of their activation known to date.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Калиевые потенциал-управляемые каналы (Kv) играют важную роль в разнообразных клеточных процессах, таких, как функционирование возбудимых клеток, регуляция апоптоза, клеточной дифференцировки и роста, выделение нейротрансмиттеров, гормонов, обеспечение сердечной деятельности и др. Нарушение функционирования Kv-каналов приводит к тяжелым наследственным заболеваниям и развитию опухолей, в том числе злокачественных. Понимание механизмов функционирования Kv-каналов - ключевой фактор для определения причин заболеваний, связанных с мутациями каналов, и поиска новых лекарственных средств. Механизм активации каналов - тема продолжающихся дебатов, и консенсус в этом вопросе пока не достигнут. В данном обзоре рассмотрены ключевые этапы изучения механизмов функционирования Kv-каналов и описаны основные модели их активации, известные к настоящему времени.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>activation</kwd><kwd>potassium ion channels</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>активация</kwd><kwd>калиевые ионные каналы</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to Prof. G.V. Maksimov (Moscow State University) for fruitful discussions. This work was in part funded by a grant from the Seventh Framework Program of the European Union (EDICT #201924). A.V. Grizel is supported by the Development Program of St. Petersburg State University (#1.50.1038.2014).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа частично финансирована грантом Седьмой Рамочной программы Евросоюза (EDICT #201924). А.В. Гризель получает финансирование за счет Программы развития СанктПетербургского государственного университета (№ 1.50.1038.2014).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Yu F.H., Yarov-Yarovoy V., Gutman G.A., Catterall W.A. // Pharmacol. Rev. 2005, V.57, P.387-395</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Gutman G.A., Chandy K.G., Grissmer S., Lazdunski M., McKinnon D., Pardo L.A., Robertson G.A., Rudy B., Sanguinetti M.C., Stühmer W., Wang X. // Pharmacol. 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