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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10489</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2015-7-3-89-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genomic Study of Cardiovascular Continuum Comorbidity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геномное исследование коморбидности сердечно-сосудистого континуума</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makeeva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макеева</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sleptsov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слепцов</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulish</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулиш</surname><given-names>E. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbarash</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбараш</surname><given-names>O. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorchuk</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорчук</surname><given-names>E. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekanov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеканов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>oksana.makeeva@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzyrev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузырев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>valery.puzyrev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Genoanalitika</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЗАО «Геноаналитика»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 7, NO3 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 7, №3 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Makeeva O.A., Sleptsov A.A., Kulish E.V., Barbarash O.L., Mazur A.M., Prokhorchuk E.B., Chekanov N.N., Stepanov V.A., Puzyrev V.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Макеева O.A., Слепцов A.A., Кулиш E.В., Барбараш O.Л., Мазур A.M., Прохорчук E.Б., Чеканов Н.Н., Степанов В.A., Пузырев В.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makeeva O.A., Sleptsov A.A., Kulish E.V., Barbarash O.L., Mazur A.M., Prokhorchuk E.B., Chekanov N.N., Stepanov V.A., Puzyrev V.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макеева O.A., Слепцов A.A., Кулиш E.В., Барбараш O.Л., Мазур A.M., Прохорчук E.Б., Чеканов Н.Н., Степанов В.A., Пузырев В.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10489">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10489</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Comorbidity or a combination of several diseases in the same individual is a common and widely investigated phenomenon. However, the genetic background for non-random disease combinations is not fully understood. Modern technologies and approaches to genomic data analysis enable the investigation of the genetic profile of patients burdened with several diseases (polypathia, disease conglomerates) and its comparison with the profiles of patients with single diseases. An association study featuring three groups of patients with various combinations of cardiovascular disorders and a control group of relatively healthy individuals was conducted. Patients were selected as follows: presence of only one disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD); a combination of two diseases, IHD and arterial hypertension (AH); and a combination of several diseases, including IHD, AH, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypercholesterolemia (HC). Genotyping was performed using the “My Gene” genomic service (www.i-gene.ru). An analysis of 1,400 polymorphic genetic variants and their associations with the studied phenotypes are presented. A total of 14 polymorphic variants were associated with the phenotype “IHD only,” including those in the APOB, CD226, NKX2-5, TLR2, DPP6, KLRB1, VDR, SCARB1, NEDD4L, and SREBF2 genes, and intragenic variants rs12487066, rs7807268, rs10896449, and rs944289. A total of 13 genetic markers were associated with the “IHD and AH” phenotype, including variants in the BTNL2, EGFR, CNTNAP2, SCARB1, and HNF1A genes, and intragenic polymorphisms rs801114, rs10499194, rs13207033, rs2398162, rs6501455, and rs1160312. A total of 14 genetic variants were associated with a combination of several diseases of cardiovascular continuum (CVC), including those in the TAS2R38, SEZ6L, APOA2, KLF7, CETP, ITGA4, RAD54B, LDLR, and MTAP genes, along with intragenic variants rs1333048, rs1333049, and rs6501455. One common genetic marker was identified for the “IHD only” and “IHD and AH” phenotypes: rs4765623 in the SCARB1 gene; two common genetic markers, rs663048 in SEZ6L and intragenic rs6501455, were identified for the “IHD and AH” phenotype and a combination of several diseases (syntropy); there were no common genetic markers for the “syntropy” and “IHD only” phenotypes. Classificatory analysis of the relationships between the associated genes and metabolic pathways revealed that lipid-metabolizing genes are involved in the development of all three CVC variants, whereas immunity-response genes are specific to the “IHD only” phenotype. The study demonstrated that comorbidity presents additional challenges in association studies of disease predisposition, since the genetic profile of combined forms of pathology can be markedly different from those for isolated “single” forms of a disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Коморбидность, или сочетание нескольких заболеваний у одного индивида, - явление распространенное и широко исследуемое. Однако генетические основы неслучайного сочетания болезней остаются недостаточно изученными. Современные технологии и методы анализа геномных данных делают возможным определение генетического профиля у больных, «обремененных» множеством болезней (полипатии, конгломераты болезней), и его сравнение с профилем больных отдельными формами патологии. Проведено ассоциативное исследование трех групп больных с различными сочетаниями сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и контрольной группы. Выборки больных формировались по принципу только одного заболевания - ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС), сочетание двух заболеваний - ИБС и артериальная гипертония (АГ), сочетание нескольких болезней - ИБС, АГ, сахарный диабет типа 2 (СД2) и гиперхолестеринемия (ГХ). Генотипирование проводили на платформе геномного сервиса «Мой ген» (www.i-gene.ru). Представлен анализ ассоциаций более 1400 генетических полиморфных вариантов с изучаемыми фенотипами. С фенотипом «только ИБС» ассоциировано 14 полиморфных вариантов, в том числе, относящихся к генам APOB, CD226, NKX2-5, TLR2, DPP6, KLRB1, VDR, SCARB1, NEDD4L, SREBF2, и варианты в межгенных промежутках rs12487066, rs7807268, rs10896449 и rs944289. С фенотипом «ИБС в сочетании с АГ» ассоциировано 13 генетических маркеров, в том числе в генах BTNL2, EGFR, CNTNAP2, SCARB1, HNF1A и межгенные полиморфные варианты rs801114, rs10499194, rs13207033, rs2398162, rs6501455, rs1160312. С сочетанием нескольких болезней сердечно-сосудистого континуума (ССК) ассоциировано 14 генетических маркеров, в том числе в генах TAS2R38, SEZ6L, APOA2, KLF7, CETP, ITGA4, RAD54B, LDLR и MTAP и варианты в межгенных промежутках rs1333048, rs1333049 и rs6501455. Для фенотипов «только ИБС» и «ИБС в сочетании с АГ» выявлен один общий генетический маркер - rs4765623 гена SCARB1; для «ИБС в сочетании с АГ» и сочетанием нескольких заболеваний (синтропией) выявлено два общих генетических маркера - rs663048 гена SEZ6L и rs6501455, находящийся в межгенном регионе; между «синтропией» и «только ИБС» не найдено общих генов из числа изученных. В результате классифицирующего анализа принадлежности ассоциированных генов к основным метаболическим путям организма установлено, что гены липидного обмена вовлечены в формирование всех трех вариантов течения болезней ССК, а гены иммунного ответа специфичны для «изолированной» формы ИБС. Показано также, что коморбидность представляет собой дополнительную сложность на пути использования данных ассоциативных генетических исследований в тестах наследственной предрасположенности к заболеваниям, так как генетический профиль сочетанных заболеваний может отличаться от профиля отдельных, не сочетанных форм патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>multifactorial diseases</kwd><kwd>syntropy</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>association studies</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular continuum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ассоциативные исследования</kwd><kwd>генетический полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>многофакторные заболевания</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистый континуум</kwd><kwd>синтропия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by Genoanalitika CJSC, RFBR (grant no. 13-04-02162) and the Russian President's grant for leading scientific schools (NSh-5096.2014.4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана ЗАО «Геноаналитика», РФФИ (грант № 13-04-02162) и грантом Президента РФ для ведущих научных школ (НШ-5096.2014.4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Feinstein A.R. // The Pre-therapeutic classification of comorbidity in chronic disease. // J. 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