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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10481</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2015-7-4-113-121</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Attenuation of Vaccinia Virus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аттенуация вируса осповакцины</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubitskiy</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубицкий</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksyutov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максютов</surname><given-names>Р. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkunov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелкунов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snshchel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 7, NO4 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 7, №4 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Yakubitskiy S.N., Kolosova I.V., Maksyutov R.A., Shchelkunov S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Якубицкий С.Н., Колосова И.В., Максютов Р.A., Щелкунов С.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakubitskiy S.N., Kolosova I.V., Maksyutov R.A., Shchelkunov S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якубицкий С.Н., Колосова И.В., Максютов Р.A., Щелкунов С.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10481">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10481</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since 1980, in the post-smallpox vaccination era the human population has become increasingly susceptible compared to a generation ago to not only the variola (smallpox) virus, but also other zoonotic orthopoxviruses. The need for safer vaccines against orthopoxviruses is even greater now. The Lister vaccine strain (LIVP) of vaccinia virus was used as a parental virus for generating a recombinant 1421ABJCN clone defective in five virulence genes encoding hemagglutinin (A56R), the IFN-γ-binding protein (B8R), thymidine kinase (J2R), the complement-binding protein (C3L), and the Bcl-2-like inhibitor of apoptosis (N1L). We found that disruption of these loci does not affect replication in mammalian cell cultures. The isogenic recombinant strain 1421ABJCN exhibits a reduced inflammatory response and attenuated neurovirulence relative to LIVP. Virus titers of 1421ABJCN were 3 lg lower versus the parent VACV LIVP when administered by the intracerebral route in new-born mice. In a subcutaneous mouse model, 1421ABJCN displayed levels of VACV-neutralizing antibodies comparable to those of LIVP and conferred protective immunity against lethal challenge by the ectromelia virus. The VACV mutant holds promise as a safe live vaccine strain for preventing smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Прекращение противооспенной вакцинации 35 лет назад привело к тому, что большинство людей в мире не имеют иммунитета не только против натуральной оспы, но и других зоонозных ортопоксвирусных инфекций. Поэтому важную задачу представляет разработка современной безопасной вакцины против ортопоксвирусов. На основе штамма LIVP вируса осповакцины (ВОВ), используемого для вакцинации, создан рекомбинантный вариант 1421ABJCN с нарушением пяти генов вирулентности, кодирующих гемагглютинин (A56R), γ-интерферонсвязывающий белок (B8R), тимидинкиназу (J2R), комплементсвязывающий белок (C3L) и Bcl-2-подобный ингибитор апоптоза (N1L). Показано, что инактивация выбранных генов вирулентности не влияет на репродуктивные свойства ВОВ на культурах клеток млекопитающих. Штамм 1421ABJCN характеризуется значительно меньшей реактогенностью и нейровирулентностью по сравнению с исходным LIVP. При интрацеребральном введении продукция вируса 1421ABJCN в головном мозге новорожденных мышей снижена на три порядка по сравнению с родительским ВОВ LIVP. Установлено, что при подкожном введении мышам рекомбинантный вариант 1421ABJCN индуцирует наработку ВОВ-нейтрализующих антител на уровне родительского штамма LIVP и обеспечивает полную защиту мышей от летальной дозы высокопатогенного для них вируса эктромелии. Рекомбинантный вариант ВОВ может быть использован в качестве безопасной живой культуральной вакцины нового поколения для профилактики натуральной оспы и других ортопоксвирусных инфекций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaccinia virus</kwd><kwd>virulence genes</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>attenuation</kwd><kwd>protection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аттенуация</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>вирус осповакцины</kwd><kwd>гены вирулентности</kwd><kwd>протективность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Federal Target Programme “Chemical and Biological Security of the Russian Federation (2009–2014 )” and grant No. 15-04-01326a from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Федеральной целевой программы «Национальная система химической и биологической безопасности (2009–2014 годы)», а также Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант № 15-04-01326а).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Fenner F., Henderson D.A., Arita I., Jezek Z., Ladnyi I.D. // Smallpox and Its Eradication. 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