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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10480</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2015-7-2-17-28</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Invasion: Patterns and Mechanisms</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инвазия опухолевых эпителиальных клеток: механизмы и проявления</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krakhmal</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крахмаль</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d_evgeniy@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялова</surname><given-names>M. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d_evgeniy@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисов</surname><given-names>E. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d_evgeniy@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vtorushin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вторушин</surname><given-names>S. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d_evgeniy@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelmuter</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перельмутер</surname><given-names>В. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d_evgeniy@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk Cancer Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 7, NO2 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 7, №2 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Krakhmal N.V., Zavyalova M.V., Denisov E.V., Vtorushin S.V., Perelmuter V.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Крахмаль Н.В., Завьялова M.В., Денисов E.В., Вторушин S.В., Перельмутер В.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krakhmal N.V., Zavyalova M.V., Denisov E.V., Vtorushin S.V., Perelmuter V.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крахмаль Н.В., Завьялова M.В., Денисов E.В., Вторушин S.В., Перельмутер В.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10480">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10480</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cancer invasion and the ability of malignant tumor cells for directed migration and metastasis have remained a focus of research for many years. Numerous studies have confirmed the existence of two main patterns of cancer cell invasion: collective cell migration and individual cell migration, by which tumor cells overcome barriers of the extracellular matrix and spread into surrounding tissues. Each pattern of cell migration displays specific morphological features and the biochemical/molecular genetic mechanisms underlying cell migration. Two types of migrating tumor cells, mesenchymal (fibroblast-like) and amoeboid, are observed in each pattern of cancer cell invasion. This review describes the key differences between the variants of cancer cell migration, the role of epithelial-mesenchymal, collective-amoeboid, mesenchymal-amoeboid, and amoeboid-mesenchymal transitions, as well as the significance of different tumor factors and stromal molecules in tumor invasion. The data and facts collected are essential to the understanding of how the patterns of cancer cell invasion are related to cancer progression and therapy efficacy. Convincing evidence is provided that morphological manifestations of the invasion patterns are characterized by a variety of tissue (tumor) structures. The results of our own studies are presented to show the association of breast cancer progression with intratumoral morphological heterogeneity, which most likely reflects the types of cancer cell migration and results from different activities of cell adhesion molecules in tumor cells of distinct morphological structures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучение инвазивных свойств опухолевой ткани, способности злокачественно измененных клеток к направленному движению и формированию вторичных метастатических очагов в отдаленных органах и тканях остается актуальным на протяжении многих лет. Многочисленные исследования подтверждают существование в рамках инвазивного роста двух основных моделей клеточной миграции, посредством которых опухолевые клетки преодолевают структурные барьеры и распространяются в окружающие ткани. Среди них выделяют коллективную (групповую) и индивидуальную миграции. Каждому варианту клеточного движения свойственны определенные морфологические характеристики, а также биохимические и молекулярно-генетические особенности тех механизмов, которые лежат в их основе. В пределах каждого варианта клеточного движения обнаружены опухолевые клетки, осуществляющие миграцию двумя различными способами - мезенхимальным (фибробластоподобным) и амебоидным. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены ключевые параметры, определяющие различия между разновидностями инвазивного роста, описана роль эпителиально-мезенхимального, коллективно-амебоидного, мезенхимально-амебоидного и амебоидно-мезенхимального переходов в процессе инвазии, а также значение различных опухолевых факторов и молекул микроокружения. Рассмотрена взаимосвязь опухолевой инвазии, опухолевой прогрессии и эффективности терапии злокачественных новообразований. Представлены убедительные доказательства того, что проявления инвазии характеризуются большим разнообразием тканевых структур. Приведены полученные нами результаты изучения особенностей течения рака молочной железы в зависимости от внутриопухолевой морфологической гетерогенности новообразования, представляющей, вероятно, частное проявление разнообразия инвазивного роста опухоли и обусловленной специфической активностью молекул межклеточной адгезии в опухолевых клетках различных морфологических структур.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>invasion</kwd><kwd>cell migration</kwd><kwd>collective cell migration</kwd><kwd>individual cell migration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инвазия</kwd><kwd>индивидуальная миграция</kwd><kwd>клеточная миграция</kwd><kwd>коллективная миграция</kwd><kwd>опухоль</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 14-15-00318 (review of the authors’ own data) and the Tomsk State University Competitiveness Improvement Programme. Work was partially carried out on equipment of Tomsk Regional Common Use Center, with the support of the Russian Ministry of the Agreement No.14.594.21.0001 (RFMEFI59414X0001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта РНФ № 14-15-00318 (обзор собственных данных) и в рамках программы повышения конкурентоспособности ТГУ. Часть работ была выполнена на оборудовании Томского регионального центра коллективного пользования (соглашение 14.594.21.0001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] van Zijl F., Krupitza G., Mikulits W. // Mutat Res. 2011, V.728, №1-2, P.23-34</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Spano D., Heck C., De Antonellis P., Christofori G., Zollo M. // Semin Cancer Biol. 2012, V.22, №3, P.234-249</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Santibanez J.F. // ISRN Dermatol. 2013, V.2013, P.597927</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>[4] Mehlen P., Puisieux A. // Nat Rev Cancer. 2006, V.6, №6, P.449-458</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>[5] Nguyen D.X., Bos P.D., Massague J. // Nat Rev Cancer. 2009, V.9, №4, P.274-284</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>[6] Monteiro J., Fodde R. // Eur J Cancer. 2010, V.46, №7, P.1198-1203</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>[7] Kovalyov A.A. // Zdorovie Ukrainy. 2011, V.4, №17, P.26-28</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>[8] Kovalyov A.A., Grudinskaya T.A., Kusnezowa T.P., Kovalyov K.A. // Oncology. 2012, V.14, №2, P.126-129</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>[9] Hay E.D. // Acta Anat (Basel). 1995, V.154, №1, P.8-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>[10] Kalluri R., Weinberg R.A. // J Clin Invest. 2009, V.119, №6, P.1420-1428</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>[11] Tam W.L., Weinberg R.A. // Nat Med. 2013, V.19, №11, P.1438-1449</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>[12] Cox E.A., Sastry S.K., Huttenlocher A. // Mol Biol Cell. 2001, V.12, №2, P.265-277</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>[13] Friedl P., Hegerfeldt Y., Tusch M. // Int J Dev Biol. 2004, V.48, №5-6, P.441-449</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>[14] Friedl P., Alexander S. // Cell. 2011, V.147, №5, P.992-1009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>[15] Friedl P., Locker J., Sahai E., Segall J.E. // Nat Cell Biol. 2012, V.14, №8, P.777-783</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>[16] Hernandez-Caballero M.E. // Molecular mechanisms of metastasis: epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anoikis and loss of adhesion. 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