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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10475</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2015-7-3-48-54</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Extracellular Nucleic Acids in Urine: Sources, Structure, Diagnostic Potential</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Внеклеточные нуклеиновые кислоты мочи: источники, состав, использование в диагностике</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryzgunova</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брызгунова</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olga.bryzgunova@niboch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Laktionov</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лактионов</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olga.bryzgunova@niboch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">E.N. Meshalkin Novosibirsk Research Institute of Circulation Pathology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт патологии кровообращения им. академика Е.Н. Мешалкина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 7, NO3 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 7, №3 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Bryzgunova O.E., Laktionov P.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Брызгунова O.E., Лактионов П.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bryzgunova O.E., Laktionov P.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брызгунова O.E., Лактионов П.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10475">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10475</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) may reach the urine through cell necrosis or apoptosis, active secretion of nucleic acids by healthy and tumor cells of the urinary tract, and transport of circulating nucleic acids (cir-NA) from the blood into primary urine. Even though urinary DNA and RNA are fragmented, they can be used to detect marker sequences. MicroRNAs are also of interest as diagnostic probes. The stability of cfNA in the urine is determined by their structure and packaging into supramolecular complexes and by nuclease activity in the urine. This review summarizes current data on the sources of urinary cfNA, their structural features, diagnostic potential and factors affecting their stability.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Внеклеточные нуклеиновые кислоты (внНК) могут появляться в моче в результате некроза и апоптоза клеток, а также активной секреции нуклеиновых кислот здоровыми и опухолевыми клетками мочеполового тракта, транспорта циркулирующих нуклеиновых кислот (цирНК) крови в первичную мочу. ДНК и РНК мочи фрагментированы, однако они могут использоваться для выявления маркерных последовательностей. МикроРНК также представляют интерес в качестве диагностического материала. Стабильность внНК определяется их структурой, упаковкой в надмолекулярные комплексы и активностью нуклеаз в моче. В обзоре описаны возможные источники, особенности строения внНК мочи, диагностическое использование внНК и факторы, влияющие на их стабильность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urinary cell-free DNA and RNA</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>necrosis</kwd><kwd>active secretion</kwd><kwd>urine nucleases</kwd><kwd>cell-free NA based non-invasive diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>активная секреция</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>внеклеточная ДНК и РНК мочи</kwd><kwd>неинвазивная диагностика</kwd><kwd>некроз</kwd><kwd>нуклеазы мочи</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Bryzgunova O., Laktionov P. // Supplement Series B: Biomed. 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