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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10445</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-1-21-33</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MicroRNAs: The Role in Autoimmune Inflammation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МикроРНК: роль в развитии аутоиммунного воспаления</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baulina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баулина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tati.90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулакова</surname><given-names>O. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tati.90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Favorova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаворова</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tati.90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO1 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Baulina N.M., Kulakova O.G., Favorova O.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Баулина Н.М., Кулакова O.Г., Фаворова O.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baulina N.M., Kulakova O.G., Favorova O.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баулина Н.М., Кулакова O.Г., Фаворова O.O.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10445">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10445</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through base-pairing predominantly with a 3’-untranslated region of target mRNA, followed by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Totally, miRNAs change, through a complex regulatory network, the expression of more than 60% of human genes. MiRNAs are key regulators of the immune response that affect maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells, as well as antibody secretion and release of inflammatory mediators. Disruption of this regulation may lead to the development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmune inflammation. This review summarizes the data on biogenesis and the mechanisms of miRNA action. We discuss the role of miRNAs in the development and the action of the immune system, as well as in the development of an autoimmune inflammatory response. Special attention is given to the role of miRNAs in the autoimmune inflammation in multiple sclerosis, which is a serious socially significant disease of the central nervous system. Currently, a lot of research is focused on this problem.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>МикроРНК - малые некодирующие РНК, контролирующие экспрессию генов на посттранскрипционном уровне за счет связывания с 3'-нетранслируемой областью мРНК-мишени с ее последующей деградацией или репрессией трансляции. Формируя сложную регуляторную сеть, микроРНК в совокупности изменяют экспрессию более 60% генов человека. МикроРНК являются ключевыми регуляторами иммунного ответа, воздействующими на процессы созревания, пролиферации, дифференцировки и активации клеток иммунной системы, на продукцию антител и высвобождение медиаторов воспаления. Нарушение этой регуляции может приводить к формированию различных патологических состояний, в том числе и аутоиммунному воспалению. В обзоре обобщены сведения о биогенезе и механизме действия микроРНК. Рассмотрена роль системы микроРНК в развитии и функционировании иммунной системы, а также участие микроРНК в развитии аутоиммунного воспалительного процесса. Особое внимание уделено роли микроРНК в развитии аутоиммунного воспаления при рассеянном склерозе - тяжелом социально значимом заболевании центральной нервной системы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>autoimmune inflammation</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутоиммунное воспаление</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 14-14-00605).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 14-14-00605).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Rebane A., Akdis C.A. // J. Allergy Clin. 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