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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10443</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-1-13-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Analysis of B-Cell Epitopes of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ В-клеточных эпитопов гемагглютинина вирусов гриппа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbinin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербинин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dim284@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dim284@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаров</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dim284@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Ю. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dim284@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naroditskiy</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Народицкий</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dim284@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gintsburg</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гинцбург</surname><given-names>A. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dim284@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO1 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Shcherbinin D.N., Alekseeva S.V., Shmarov M.M., Smirnov Y.A., Naroditskiy B.S., Gintsburg A.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Щербинин Д.Н., Алексеева С.В., Шмаров M.M., Смирнов Ю.A., Народицкий Б.С., Гинцбург A.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shcherbinin D.N., Alekseeva S.V., Shmarov M.M., Smirnov Y.A., Naroditskiy B.S., Gintsburg A.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербинин Д.Н., Алексеева С.В., Шмаров M.M., Смирнов Ю.A., Народицкий Б.С., Гинцбург A.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10443">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10443</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vaccination has been successfully used to prevent influenza for a long time. Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), which induces a humoral immune response in humans and protection against the flu, is the main antigenic component of modern influenza vaccines. However, new seasonal and pandemic influenza virus variants with altered structures of HA occasionally occur. This allows the pathogen to avoid neutralization with antibodies produced in response to previous vaccination. Development of a vaccine with the new variants of HA acting as antigens takes a long time. Therefore, during an epidemic, it is important to have passive immunization agents to prevent and treat influenza, which can be monoclonal or single-domain antibodies with universal specificity (broad-spectrum agents). We considered antibodies to conserved epitopes of influenza virus antigens as universal ones. In this paper, we tried to characterize the main B-cell epitopes of hemagglutinin and analyze our own and literature data on broadly neutralizing antibodies. We conducted a computer analysis of the best known conformational epitopes of influenza virus HAs using materials of different databases. The analysis showed that the core of the HA molecule, whose antibodies demonstrate pronounced heterosubtypic activity, can be used as a target for the search for and development of broad-spectrum antibodies to the influenza virus.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вакцинация давно и успешно применяется для профилактики гриппа. Основным антигеном со временных гриппозных вакцин является гемагглютинин (НА) вируса гриппа, вызывающий гуморальный иммунный ответ в организме человека и защищающий от гриппа. Однако периодически появляются новые сезонные и пандемические варианты вируса с измененной структурой НА. Это позволяет возбудителю избегать нейтрализации антителами, которые образовались в ответ на ранее проведенную вакцинацию. Разработка вакцины с новыми вариантами НА в качестве антигена занимает продолжительное время, поэтому в период эпидемии важно иметь в качестве профилактики и терапии средства для пассивной иммунизации, которыми могут служить моноклональные или однодоменные антитела с универсальной специфичностью (широкого спектра действия). В качестве универсальных антител рассматривают анти тела к консервативным эпитопам антигенов вируса гриппа. Мы попытались охарактеризовать основные В-клеточные эпитопы гемагглютинина и обобщить собственные и опубликованные данные об антителах с широкой нейтрализующей активностью. С использованием различных баз данных проведен компьютерный анализ наиболее известных конформационных эпитопов НА вирусов гриппа. Результаты анализа свидетельствуют, что мишенью поиска и создания антител широкого спектра действия к вирусу гриппа может быть стержневая часть молекулы HA, антитела к которой обладают выраженной гетеросубтипической активностью.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Influenza virus</kwd><kwd>hemagglutinin</kwd><kwd>conformational epitopes</kwd><kwd>broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>broad-spectrum single-domain antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гриппа</kwd><kwd>гемагглютинин</kwd><kwd>конформационные эпитопы</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела широкого спектра действия</kwd><kwd>однодоменные антитела широкого спектра действия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Webster R.G., Govorkova E.A. // Ann. N. Y. Acad. 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