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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10437</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-2-24-34</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mycoplasmas and Their Antibiotic Resistance: The Problems and Prospects in Controlling Infections</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микоплазмы и их устойчивость к антибиотикам: проблемы и перспективы контроля микоплазменных инфекций и контаминаций клеточных культур</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернова</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chernov@mail.knc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedeva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>E. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chernov@mail.knc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mouzykantov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музыкантов</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chernov@mail.knc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chernov@mail.knc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>В. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>chernov@mail.knc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский институт биохимии и биофизики Казанского научного центра РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff><aff id="aff4"><institution>Казанский институт биохимии и биофизики Казанского научного центра РАН</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO2 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №2 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Chernova O.A., Medvedeva E.S., Mouzykantov A.A., Baranova N.B., Chernov V.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Чернова O.A., Медведева E.С., Музыкантов A.A., Баранова Н.Б., Чернов В.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernova O.A., Medvedeva E.S., Mouzykantov A.A., Baranova N.B., Chernov V.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чернова O.A., Медведева E.С., Музыкантов A.A., Баранова Н.Б., Чернов В.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10437">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10437</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present review discusses the problem of controlling mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes), the smallest of self-replicating prokaryotes, parasites of higher eukaryotes, and main contaminants of cell cultures and vaccines. Possible mechanisms for the rapid development of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in mycoplasmas have been analyzed. Omics technologies provide new opportunities for investigating the molecular basis of bacterial adaptation to stress factors and identifying resistomes, the total of all genes and their products contributing to antibiotic resistance in microbes. The data obtained using an integrated approach with post-genomics methods show that antibiotic resistance may be caused by more complex processes than has been believed heretofore. The development of antibiotic resistance in mycoplasmas is associated with essential changes in the genome, proteome, and secretome profiles, which involve many genes and proteins related to fundamental cellular processes and virulence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обзор посвящен проблеме контроля микоплазм (класс Mollicutes) - мельчайших из способных к самостоятельной репликации прокариот, паразитов высших организмов, основных контаминантов клеточных культур и вакцинных препаратов. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы быстрого развития устойчивости микоплазм к антимикробным препаратам. Появление омиксных технологий определило новые подходы к изучению молекулярно-генетических основ адаптации бактерий к стрессовым условиям и выявялению резистомов - совокупности всех генов и их продуктов, которые принимают участие в формировании резистентности микроорганизмов к антимикробным препаратам. С применением постгеномных методов получены данные, указывающие на то, что устойчивость бактерий к антимикробным препаратам может определяться более сложными процессами, чем предполагалось. Развитие резистентности микоплазм к антибактериальным препаратам ассоциировано с существенными изменениями секреции, а также геномного и протеомного профилей, которые затрагивают многие гены и белки, участвующие в различных клеточных процессах и бактериальной патогенности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mycoplasmas</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance mechanisms</kwd><kwd>omics technologies</kwd><kwd>bacterial resistome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальный резистом</kwd><kwd>микоплазмы</kwd><kwd>механизмы резистентности к антибиотикам</kwd><kwd>омиксные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out as part of the competitiveness facilitation program at Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. This study was performed using the equipment of the Interdisciplinary Collective Use Center of the Kazan Federal University Center with state financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (ID RFMEFI59414X0003), as well as the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 14-04-00883a, 15-44-02594).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Программы повышения конкурентоспособности Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета Министерства образования и науки РФ. Данное исследование выполнено с использованием оборудования Междисциплинарного центра коллективного пользования Казанского федерального университета при финансовой поддержке государства в лице Минобрнауки России (ID RFMEFI59414X0003), а также РФФИ (гранты № 14-04-00883а, 15-44-02594).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Nikfarjam L., Farzaneh P. // Cell J. (Yakhteh). 2012, V.13, P.203-212</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Rottem S., Kornspan J.D., Kosower N.S. // Biomedical Tissue Culture. 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