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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-3-88-96</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cleavage of Human Embryos: Options and Diversity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Варианты и вариабельность дробления эмбрионов человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronin</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронин</surname><given-names>Ю. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ljh_rjycn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Senechkin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенечкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ljh_rjycn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hilkevich</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хилькевич</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ljh_rjycn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurcer</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курцер</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ljh_rjycn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perinatal Medical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Перинатальный медицинский центр, отделение лечения бесплодия и ЭКО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO3 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №3 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Doronin Y.K., Senechkin I.V., Hilkevich L.V., Kurcer M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Доронин Ю.K., Сенечкин И.В., Хилькевич Л.В., Курцер M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Doronin Y.K., Senechkin I.V., Hilkevich L.V., Kurcer M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Доронин Ю.K., Сенечкин И.В., Хилькевич Л.В., Курцер M.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10423">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10423</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In order to estimate the diversity of embryo cleavage relatives to embryo progress (blastocyst formation), time-lapse imaging data of preimplantation human embryo development were used. This retrospective study is focused on the topographic features and time parameters of the cleavages, with particular emphasis on the lengths of cleavage cycles and the genealogy of blastomeres in 2- to 8-cell human embryos. We have found that all 4-cell human embryos have four developmental variants that are based on the sequence of appearance and orientation of cleavage planes during embryo cleavage from 2 to 4 blastomeres. Each variant of cleavage shows a strong correlation with further developmental dynamics of the embryos (different cleavage cycle characteristics as well as lengths of blastomere cycles). An analysis of the sequence of human blastomere divisions allowed us to postulate that the effects of zygotic determinants are eliminated as a result of cleavage, and that, thereafter, blastomeres acquire the ability of own syntheses, regulation, polarization, formation of functional contacts, and, finally, of specific differentiation. This data on the early development of human embryos obtained using noninvasive methods complements and extend our understanding of the embryogenesis of eutherian mammals and may be applied in the practice of reproductive technologies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С целью выяснения природы вариабельности дробления проанализированы цейтраферные видеозаписи доимплантационного развития эмбрионов человека, аккумулированные в рамках стандартного протокола культивирования после процедуры внутриклеточной инъекции сперматозоида. Детально изучены топографические особенности и временные параметры дробления, определены продолжительности циклов и прослежена генеалогия бластомеров 2-8-клеточных эмбрионов человека. Обнаружено, что 4-клеточные эмбрионы распределяются в четыре группы в соответствии с ориентацией и последовательностью плоскостей второго дробления. Динамика развития эмбрионов с разными вариантами второго деления дробления существенно отличается как параметрами циклов дробления, так и продолжительностями циклов бластомеров. Анализ последовательностей делений бластомеров человека позволил предположить, что в итоге дробления элиминируются влияния зиготических детерминантов, после чего бластомеры приобретают способность к собственным синтезам и регуляциям, к поляризации и формированию функциональных контактов и, в конечном итоге, к собственным специфическим дифференциациям. Полученные с помощью неинвазивной методологии сведения о раннем развитии эмбрионов человека дополняют и расширяют представления о событиях эмбриогенеза плацентарных млекопитающих и могут найти применение в практике репродуктивных технологий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human embryos</kwd><kwd>time-lapse analysis</kwd><kwd>cleavage</kwd><kwd>blastomere genealogy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анализ цейтраферной видеозаписи</kwd><kwd>дробление</kwd><kwd>генеалогия бластомеров</kwd><kwd>эмбрионы человека</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] K. Elder., J. Cohen. // Human preimplantation embryo selection. Reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive techniques. // Human preimplantation embryo selection. Reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive techniques. // Eds. K. Elder, J. Cohen. 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