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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10420</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-4-70-81</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Design of Stable α-Helical Peptides and Thermostable Proteins in Biotechnology and Biomedicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дизайн стабильных α-спиральных пептидов и термостабильных белков в биотехнологии и биомедицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якимов</surname><given-names>A. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yaleks@nanobio.spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanaseva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьева</surname><given-names>A. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yaleks@nanobio.spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodorkovskiy</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходорковский</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yaleks@nanobio.spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhov</surname><given-names>M. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухов</surname><given-names>M. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yaleks@nanobio.spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова НИЦ «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO4 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №4 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Yakimov A.P., Afanaseva A.S., Khodorkovskiy M.A., Petukhov M.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Якимов A.П., Афанасьева A.С., Ходорковский M.A., Петухов M.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakimov A.P., Afanaseva A.S., Khodorkovskiy M.A., Petukhov M.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якимов A.П., Афанасьева A.С., Ходорковский M.A., Петухов M.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10420">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10420</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>α-Heliсes are the most frequently occurring elements of the secondary structure in water-soluble globular proteins. Their increased conformational stability is among the main reasons for the high thermal stability of proteins in thermophilic bacteria. In addition, α-helices are often involved in protein interactions with other proteins, nucleic acids, and the lipids of cell membranes. That is why the highly stable α-helical peptides used as highly active and specific inhibitors of protein-protein and other interactions have recently found more applications in medicine. Several different approaches have been developed in recent years to improve the conformational stability of α-helical peptides and thermostable proteins, which will be discussed in this review. We also discuss the methods for improving the permeability of peptides and proteins across cellular membranes and their resistance to intracellular protease activity. Special attention is given to the SEQOPT method (http://mml.spbstu.ru/services/seqopt/), which is used to design conformationally stable short α-helices.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Наиболее часто встречающимся элементом вторичной структуры во многих глобулярных водорастворимых белках и пептидах являются α-спирали. Повышенная конформационная стабильность α-спиралей - одна из главных причин высокой термостабильности белков термофильных бактерий. Кроме того, α-спирали часто участвуют во взаимодействиях белков не только с другими белками, но и с нуклеиновыми кислотами, а также с липидами клеточных мембран. Именно поэтому конструирование высокостабильных α-спиральных пептидов, используемых в качестве высокоактивных и высокоспецифичных ингибиторов межбелковых и других взаимодействий, в последнее время находит все больше практических применений в медицине. Для улучшения конформационной стабильности α-спиральных пептидов и термостабильных белков в последнее время разработано несколько подходов, которые мы обсудим в этом обзоре. Кроме того, будут рассмотрены методы улучшения прохождения пептидов и белков через клеточные мембраны и устойчивости к действию внутриклеточных протеаз. Особое внимание уделено методу SEQOPT (http://mml.spbstu.ru/services/seqopt/), который используется для конструирования конформационно стабильных коротких α-спиралей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>α-helix</kwd><kwd>conformational stability</kwd><kwd>factors of thermal stability</kwd><kwd>membrane permeability</kwd><kwd>resistance to intracellular proteolysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>α-спираль</kwd><kwd>конформационная стабильность</kwd><kwd>проницаемость мембран</kwd><kwd>сопротивляемость внутриклеточному протеолизу</kwd><kwd>факторы термостабильности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 14-34-00023).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 14-34-00023).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Yakimov A., Rychkov G., Petukhov M. // Methods Mol. 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