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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10414</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-4-33-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Synthetic Fluorophores for Visualizing Biomolecules in Living Systems</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синтетические флуорофоры для визуализации биомолекул в живых системах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vimart@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhomov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомов</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vimart@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vimart@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deyev</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vimart@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrenko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петренко</surname><given-names>A. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vimart@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO4 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №4 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Martynov V.I., Pakhomov A.A., Popova N.V., Deyev I.E., Petrenko A.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Мартынов В.И., Пахомов A.A., Попова Н.В., Деев И.Е., Петренко A.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynov V.I., Pakhomov A.A., Popova N.V., Deyev I.E., Petrenko A.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартынов В.И., Пахомов A.A., Попова Н.В., Деев И.Е., Петренко A.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10414">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10414</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The last decade has witnessed significant advance in the imaging of living systems using fluorescent markers. This progress has been primarily associated with the discovery of different spectral variants of fluorescent proteins. However, the fluorescent protein technology has its own limitations and, in some cases, the use of low-molecular-weight fluorophores is preferable. In this review, we describe the arsenal of synthetic fluorescent tools that are currently in researchers’ hands and span virtually the entire spectrum, from the UV to visible and, further, to the near-infrared region. An overview of recent advances in site-directed introduction of synthetic fluorophores into target cellular objects is provided. Application of these fluorescent probes to the solution of a wide range of biological problems, in particular, to the determination of local ion concentrations and pH in living systems, is discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В последнее десятилетие прогресс в методах визуализации живых систем с помощью флуоресцентных маркеров был в основном связан с обнаружением различных вариантов цветных флуоресцентных белков. Применение этих белков имеет свои ограничения. В ряде случаев предпочтительно использовать флуоресцентные зонды на основе небольших органических молекул. В обзоре рассмотрен арсенал синтетических низкомолекулярных флуорофоров, который перекрывает практически весь спектр от УФ до видимой и ближней инфракрасной области. Приведены данные по сайт-направленным реакциям включения синтетических флуорофоров в целевые клеточные белки. Обсуждается применение низкомолекулярных флуорофоров для решения различных биологических задач, в частности, для определения локальных концентраций ионов и рН в живых системах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fluorophore</kwd><kwd>measurement of local pH</kwd><kwd>fluorescence microscopy</kwd><kwd>site-directed reaction</kwd><kwd>measurement of ion concentration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>измерение концентрации ионов</kwd><kwd>измерение локального рН</kwd><kwd>сайт-направленная реакция</kwd><kwd>флуорофор</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентная микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 14-50-00131).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 14-50-00131).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Coons A.H., Creech H.J., Jones R.N., Berliner E. // J. 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