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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10412</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-3-31-43</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Stem Cells in the Treatment of InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клеточные подходы к лечению инсулинзависимого диабета</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>PetrakovaOl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrakova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петракова</surname><given-names>O. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>PetrakovaOl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvazava</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвазава</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>PetrakovaOl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalistratova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калистратова</surname><given-names>E. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>PetrakovaOl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>PetrakovaOl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO3 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №3 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Borisov M.A., Petrakova O.S., Gvazava I.G., Kalistratova E.N., Vasiliev A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Борисов M.A., Петракова O.С., Гвазава И.Г., Калистратова E.Н., Васильев A.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borisov M.A., Petrakova O.S., Gvazava I.G., Kalistratova E.N., Vasiliev A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борисов M.A., Петракова O.С., Гвазава И.Г., Калистратова E.Н., Васильев A.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10412">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10412</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diabetes affects over 350 million people worldwide, with the figure projected to rise to nearly 500 million over the next 20 years, according to the World Health Organization. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) is an endocrine disorder caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. Administration of exogenous insulin remains at the moment the treatment mainstay. This approach helps to regulate blood glucose levels and significantly increases the life expectancy of patients. However, type 1 diabetes is accompanied by long-term complications associated with the systemic nature of the disease and metabolic abnormalities having a profound impact on health. Of greater impact would be a therapeutic approach which would overcome these limitations by better control of blood glucose levels and prevention of acute and chronic complications. The current efforts in the field of regenerative medicine are aimed at finding such an approach. In this review, we discuss the time-honored technique of donor islets of Langerhans transplantation. We also focus on the use of pluripotent stem and committed cells and cellular reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms of pancreatic differentiation are highlighted. Much attention is devoted to the methods of grafts delivery and to the materials used during its creation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время в мире насчитывается более 350 миллионов больных сахарным диабетом. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения в течение ближайших 20 лет этот показатель превысит 500 миллионов. Инсулинзависимый сахарный диабет, или сахарный диабет первого типа, - это эндокринное заболевание, вызванное аутоиммунной реакцией, разрушающей инсулинпродуцирующие β-клетки, расположенные в островках Лангерганса поджелудочной железы, что приводит к нехватке инсулина. Наиболее доступным видом терапии при сахарном диабете остается введение экзогенного инсулина. Это помогает регулировать уровень глюкозы в крови и существенно увеличивает ожидаемую продолжительность жизни пациентов. Однако остаются долгосрочные осложнения, связанные с системным характером болезни и ее влиянием на все виды обмена веществ. Избежать этих осложнений можно при помощи методов, способных обеспечить лучший контроль над уровнем глюкозы в крови. В настоящий момент усилия регенеративной медицины направлены на поиск именно такого метода лечения. В данном обзоре рассмотрена классическая методика трансплантации донорских островков Лангерганса. Описаны также такие новые перспективные методы, как использование плюрипотентных стволовых и коммитированных клеток и клеточное репрограммирование. Обсуждаются молекулярно-генетические механизмы панкреатической дифференцировки. Большое внимание уделяется методам доставки трансплантатов и материалам, используемым для их создания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cellular therapy</kwd><kwd>diabetes</kwd><kwd>differentiation</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>pancreas</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дифференцировка</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>поджелудочная железа</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 14-50-00029).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 14-50-00029).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Githens S., Schexnayder J.A., Moses R.L., Denning G.M., Smith J.J., Frazier M.L. // In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 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