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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10408</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2016-8-3-17-30</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antitumor Immune Response Activation by Dendritic Cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные и клеточные механизмы формирования дендритными клетками противоопухолевого иммунного ответа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>O. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>markov_oleg@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mironova@niboch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>markov_oleg@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zenkova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зенкова</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>markov_oleg@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 8, NO3 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 8, №3 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Markov O.V., Mironova N.L., Vlasov V.V., Zenkova M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Марков O.В., Миронова Н.Л., Власов В.В., Зенкова M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markov O.V., Mironova N.L., Vlasov V.V., Zenkova M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марков O.В., Миронова Н.Л., Власов В.В., Зенкова M.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10408">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10408</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the initiation and regulation of the antitumor immune response. Already , DC-based antitumor vaccines have been thoroughly explored both in animal tumor models and in clinical trials. DC-based vaccines are commonly produced from DC progenitors isolated from peripheral blood or bone marrow by culturing in the presence of cytokines, followed by loading the DCs with tumor-specific antigens, such as DNA, RNA, viral vectors, or a tumor cell lysate. However, the efficacy of DC-based vaccines remains low. Undoubtedly, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which DCs function would allow us to enhance the antitumor efficacy of DC-based vaccines in clinical applications. This review describes the origin and major subsets of mouse and human DCs, as well as the differences between them. The cellular mechanisms of presentation and cross-presentation of exogenous antigens by DCs to T cells are described. We discuss intracellular antigen processing in DCs, cross-dressing, and the acquisition of the antigen cross-presentation function. A particular section in the review describes the mechanisms of tumor escape from immune surveillance through the suppression of DCs functions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дендритные клетки (ДК) играют огромную роль в инициации и регуляции противоопухолевого иммунного ответа. В настоящее время большое внимание привлекают противоопухолевые вакцины на основе ДК, которые активно изучают как на животных моделях, так и в клинических испытаниях. Дендритно-клеточные вакцины получают из выделенных из крови клеток-предшественников, которые нагружают опухолеспецифическими антигенами в виде ДНК, РНК или клеточного лизата из аллогенного опухолевого материала. Однако эффективность таких вакцин остается достаточно низкой. Несомненно, что лучшее понимание механизмов функционирования ДК позволит увеличить противоопухолевый потенциал ДК-вакцин для их успешного применения в клинике. В обзоре рассмотрены происхождение и основные субпопуляции ДК мыши и человека, указаны различия между ДК этих видов. Описаны клеточные механизмы презентации и кросс-презентации экзогенных антигенов дендритными клетками Т-лимфоцитам в комплексах с молекулами MHC II и МНС I соответственно. Обсуждаются механизмы внутриклеточного процессинга антигенов в ДК, явление кросс-дрессинга и развитие функции кросс-презентации. Отдельная часть обзора посвящена описанию механизмов ухода опухоли от иммунного надзора путем подавления функции ДК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dendritic cells</kwd><kwd>subsets</kwd><kwd>antigen presentation and cross-presentation</kwd><kwd>proteasome</kwd><kwd>tumor immunosuppression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дендритные клетки</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия опухолей</kwd><kwd>презентация и кросс-презентация антигенов</kwd><kwd>протеасома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Palucka K., Ueno H., Fay J., Banchereau J. // J. Intern. Med. 2011, V.269, P.64-73</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Greenberg S., Grinstein S. // Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2002, V.14, P.136-145</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Yarilin A.A. // The basics of immunology // The basics of immunology. 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