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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10395</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2017-9-1-6-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Engineering Chimeric Antigen Receptors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Основы дизайна химерных антигенных рецепторов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulemzin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулемзин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gorchakov@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gorchakov@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamonkin</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамонкин</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><email>gorchakov@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранин</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gorchakov@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorchakov</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горчаков</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gorchakov@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Baylor College of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский колледж Бейлор</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO1 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 9, №1 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Kulemzin S.V., Kuznetsova V.V., Mamonkin M., Taranin A.V., Gorchakov А.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Кулемзин С.В., Кузнецова В.В., Мамонкин M., Таранин A.В., Горчаков А.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulemzin S.V., Kuznetsova V.V., Mamonkin M., Taranin A.V., Gorchakov А.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулемзин С.В., Кузнецова В.В., Мамонкин M., Таранин A.В., Горчаков А.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10395">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10395</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant protein molecules that redirect cytotoxic lymphocytes toward malignant and other target cells. The high feasibility of manufacturing CAR-modified lymphocytes for the therapy of cancer has spurred the development and optimization of new CAR T cells directed against a broad range of target antigens. In this review, we describe the main structural and functional elements constituting a CAR, discuss the roles of these elements in modulating the anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells, and highlight alternative approaches to CAR engineering.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Химерные антигенные рецепторы представляют собой рекомбинантные трансмембранные молекулы, которые перенаправляют цитотоксические лимфоциты на клетки опухоли. Возможность сравнительно быстро получать опухоль-специфичные Т-клетки c химерными антигенными рецепторами для адоптивной иммунотерапии опухолей делает актуальным изучение структур, которые обеспечивают максимальную функциональность рецепторов in vivo. В обзоре приведена информация об основных элементах химерных антигенных рецепторов, а именно об антигенраспознающем модуле, шарнирной области, трансмембранном районе и сигнальных последовательностях. Обсуждается возможное влияние тех или иных участков химерных антигенных рецепторов на их активность in vitro и in vivo, рассмотрены также альтернативные варианты дизайна химерных антигенных рецепторов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adoptive immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>chimeric antigen receptor</kwd><kwd>T cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адоптивная иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>Т-клетки</kwd><kwd>химерный антигенный рецептор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 16-14-10237. A.V. Taranin was supported bythe Basic Research Programme, project No. 0310-2015-0006.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 16-14-10237. А.В. Таранин был поддержан программой фундаментальных научных исследований по теме 0310-2015-0006.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Gill S., June C.H. // Immunol. Rev. 2015, V.263, №1, P.68-89</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Morgan R.A., Yang J.C., Kitano M., Dudley M.E., Laurencot C.M., Rosenberg S.A. // Molecular Therapy 2010, V.18, №4, P.843-851</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Kuwana Y., Asakura Y., Utsunomiya N., Nakanishi M., Arata Y., Itoh S., Nagase F., Kurosawa Y. // Biochem. Biophys. Res. 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