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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10388</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2017-9-2-47-58</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins: The Largest but Poorly Explored Family of Higher Eukaryotic Transcription Factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Белки с цинковыми пальцами типа С2Н2 - самый многочисленный и наименее изученный класс транскрипционных факторов высших эукариот</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>georgiev_p@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bonchuk</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бончук</surname><given-names>A. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>georgiev_p@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mogila</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Могила</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>georgiev_p@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgiev</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиев</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>georgiev_p@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии гена РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO2 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 9, №2 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Fedotova A.A., Bonchuk A.N., Mogila V.A., Georgiev P.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Федотова A.A., Бончук A.Н., Могила В.А., Георгиев П.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedotova A.A., Bonchuk A.N., Mogila V.A., Georgiev P.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федотова A.A., Бончук A.Н., Могила В.А., Георгиев П.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10388">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10388</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The emergence of whole-genome assays has initiated numerous genome-wide studies of transcription factor localizations at genomic regulatory elements (enhancers, promoters, silencers, and insulators), as well as facilitated the uncovering of some of the key principles of chromosomal organization. However, the proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of the chromosomal architecture and the organization of regulatory domains remain insufficiently studied. This review attempts to collate the available data on the abundant but still poorly understood family of proteins with clusters of the C2H2 zinc finger domains. One of the best known proteins of this family is a well conserved protein known as CTCF, which plays a key role in the establishment of the chromosomal architecture in vertebrates. The distinctive features of C2H2 zinc finger proteins include strong and specific binding to a long and unique DNA recognition target sequence and rapid expansion within various animal taxa during evolution. The reviewed data support a proposed model according to which many of the C2H2 proteins have functions that are similar to those of the CTCF in the organization of the chromatin architecture.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С появлением методов полногеномного анализа стало возможным широкомасштабное изучение распределения транскрипционных факторов на регуляторных элементах в геноме (энхансерах, промоторах, сайленсерах и инсуляторах), а также выявление ключевых принципов организации хромосом. Однако белковые факторы, отвечающие за архитектуру хромосом и организацию регуляторных доменов, остаются почти неисследованными. В настоящем обзоре предпринята попытка обобщить данные, которые касаются обширного класса белков, имеющих кластеры доменов цинковых пальцев С2Н2-типа (С2Н2-белки). К этому классу относится хорошо исследованный консервативный белок CTCF, ключевой, согласно современным представлениям, для формирования архитектуры хромосом позвоночных. Отличительными особенностями С2Н2-белков являются специфичное и эффективное связывание с уникальными длинными последовательностями ДНК и быстрое распространение в процессе эволюции в пределах таксонов. Приведенные в обзоре данные позволяют предложить модель, согласно которой многие С2Н2-белки выполняют функции, сходные с СTCF в организации архитектуры хромосом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>architectural proteins</kwd><kwd>CTCF</kwd><kwd>KRAB domain</kwd><kwd>SCAN domain</kwd><kwd>transcription factors</kwd><kwd>ZAD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>KRAB-домен</kwd><kwd>ZAD-домен</kwd><kwd>SCAN-домен</kwd><kwd>CTCF</kwd><kwd>архитектурные белки</kwd><kwd>транскрипционные факторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 14–24–00166).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 14–24–00166).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Dixon J.R., Selvaraj S., Yue F., Kim A., Li Y., Shen Y., Hu M., Liu J.S., Ren B. // Nature 2012, V.485, P.376-380</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Nora E.P., Lajoie B.R., Schulz E.G., Giorgetti L., Okamoto I., Servant N., Piolot T., van Berkum N.L., Meisig J., Sedat J. // Nature 2012, V.485, P.381-385</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Razin S.V., Gavrilov A.A., Vassetzky Y.S., Ulianov S.V. // Transcription. 2016, V.7, P.84-90</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>[4] Dekker J., Rippe K., Dekker M., Kleckner N. // Science. 2002, V.295, P.1306-1311</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>[5] Rao S.S., Huntley M.H., Durand N.C., Stamenova E.K., Bochkov I.D., Robinson J.T., Sanborn A.L., Machol I., Omer A.D., Lander E.S. // Cell. 2014, V.159, P.1665-1680</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>[6] Lupianez D.G., Kraft K., Heinrich V., Krawitz P., Brancati F., Klopocki E., Horn D., Kayserili H., Opitz J.M., Laxova R. // Cell. 2015, V.161, P.1012-1025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>[7] Maksimenko O., Georgiev P. // Front. 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