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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2017-9-3-71-80</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Change in the Content of Immunoproteasomes and Macrophages in Rat Liver At the Induction of DonorSpecific Tolerance</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменение содержания иммунопротеасом и макрофагов в печени крыс при индукции донорспецифической толерантности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Ya. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Я. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustichenko</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устиченко</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alabedal’karim</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алабедалькарим</surname><given-names>Н. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyupina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Люпина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boguslavski</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богуславский</surname><given-names>K. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhok</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божок</surname><given-names>Г. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yasiiik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Problems in Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем криобиологии и криомедицины НАН Украины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO3 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 9, №3 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Karpova Y.D., Ustichenko V.D., Alabedal’karim N.M., Stepanova A.A., Lyupina Y.V., Boguslavski K.I., Bozhok G.A., Sharova N.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Карпова Я.Д., Устиченко В.Д., Алабедалькарим Н.M., Степанова A.A., Люпина Ю.В., Богуславский K.И., Божок Г.A., Шарова Н.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpova Y.D., Ustichenko V.D., Alabedal’karim N.M., Stepanova A.A., Lyupina Y.V., Boguslavski K.I., Bozhok G.A., Sharova N.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпова Я.Д., Устиченко В.Д., Алабедалькарим Н.M., Степанова A.A., Люпина Ю.В., Богуславский K.И., Божок Г.A., Шарова Н.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10379">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10379</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Induction of donor specific tolerance (DST) by the introduction of donor cells into a recipient’s portal vein is one of the approaches used to solve the problem of transplant engraftment. However, the mechanism of DST development remains unclear to this moment. In the present work, we first studied the change in the content of immunoproteasomes and macrophages of the liver at early stages of the development of allospecific portal tolerance in rats by Western blotting and flow cytofluorimetry. On the basis of the data obtained, we can conclude that the induction of DST is an active process characterized by two phases during which the level of the proteasome immune subunits LMP2 and LMP7 in liver mononuclear cells, including Kupffer cells, and the number of Kupffer cells change. The first phase lasts up to 5 days after the beginning of DST induction; the second phase - from 5 to 14 days. In both phases, the level of the subunits LMP2 and LMP7 in the total pool of mononuclear cells and Kupffer cells increases, with maximum values on days 1 and 7. In addition, the total number of Kupffer cells increases in both phases with a shift in several days. The most noticeable changes take place in the second phase. The third day is characterized by a lower content of mononuclear cells expressing immunoproteasomes compared to the control value in native animals. Presumably, at this time point a “window of opportunity” appears for subsequent filling of an empty niche with cells of different subpopulations and, depending on this fact, the development of tolerance or rejection. The results obtained raise the new tasks of finding ways to influence the cellular composition in the liver and the expression of immunoproteasomes on the third day after the beginning of DST induction to block the development of rejection.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Индукция донорспецифической толерантности (ДСТ) путем введения клеток донора в портальную вену реципиента является одним из методов решения проблемы приживления трансплантатов. Однако механизм развития ДСТ не выяснен. В представленной работе методами Вестерн-блотинга и проточной цитофлуориметрии впервые изучено изменение содержания иммунопротеасом и макрофагов в печени крыс на ранних сроках развития аллоспецифической портальной толерантности. На основании полученных данных можно заключить, что индукция ДСТ - активный процесс, состоящий из двух фаз, в ходе которых изменяется уровень иммунных субъединиц LMP2 и LMP7 протеасом в мононуклеарных клетках печени, включая клетки Купфера, а также количество клеток Купфера. Первая фаза длится до 5 сут после начала индукции ДСТ, вторая - с 5 по 14 сут. В обеих фазах уровень субъединиц LMP2 и LMP7 возрастает как в общем пуле мононуклеарных клеток, так и в клетках Купфера, с максимумами на 1-е и 7-е сут. Кроме того, со сдвигом в несколько суток в обеих фазах увеличивается общее количество клеток Купфера. При этом изменения наиболее выражены во второй фазе. На 3-и сут содержание мононуклеарных клеток, экспрессирующих иммунопротеасомы, становится ниже, чем у контрольных нативных животных. Предполагается, что в этой временной точке образуется своеобразное «окно возможностей» для последующего заполнения пустующей ниши клетками разных субпопуляций. В зависимости от этого возможно развитие либо толерантности, либо отторжения. Полученные результаты ставят новые задачи поиска способов воздействия на клеточный состав печени и экспрессию иммунопротеасом на 3-и сут после начала индукции ДСТ для блокирования развития отторжения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunoproteasomes</kwd><kwd>donor specific tolerance</kwd><kwd>liver</kwd><kwd>Kupffer cells</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>flow cytofluorimetry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунопротеасомы</kwd><kwd>донорспецифическая толерантность</kwd><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>клетки Купфера</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>проточная цитофлуориметрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant for young scientists 16-34-60083-mol_a_dk.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа частично выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, грант для молодых ученых 16-34-60083-мол_а_дк.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Calne R.Y., Sells R.A., Pena J.R ., Davis D. 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