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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10358</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2018-10-1-66-74</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gene Expression in the Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) of Marine and Freshwater Ecotypes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение генной экспрессии при адаптации к гипотоническим условиям на примере трехиглой колюшки (Gasterosteus aculeatus)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rastorguev</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Расторгуев</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedoluzhko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недолужко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boulygina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булыгина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oshchepkov</surname><given-names>D. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ощепков</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhortchouk</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорчук</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rastorgueff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии и генетики, ФИЦ ИЦИГ СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоинженерии, ФИЦ Биотехнологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Rastorguev S.M., Nedoluzhko A.V., Gruzdeva N.M., Boulygina E.S., Tsygankova S.V., Oshchepkov D.Y., Mazur A.M., Prokhortchouk E.B., Skryabin K.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Расторгуев С.М., Недолужко А.В., Груздева Н.М., Булыгина Е.С., Цыганкова С.В., Ощепков Д.Ю., Мазур А.М., Прохорчук Е.Б., Скрябин К.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rastorguev S.M., Nedoluzhko A.V., Gruzdeva N.M., Boulygina E.S., Tsygankova S.V., Oshchepkov D.Y., Mazur A.M., Prokhortchouk E.B., Skryabin K.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Расторгуев С.М., Недолужко А.В., Груздева Н.М., Булыгина Е.С., Цыганкова С.В., Ощепков Д.Ю., Мазур А.М., Прохорчук Е.Б., Скрябин К.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10358">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10358</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a well-known model organism that is routinely used to explore microevolution processes and speciation, and the number of studies related to this fish has been growing recently. The main reason for the increased interest is the processes of freshwater adaptation taking place in natural populations of this species. Freshwater three-spined stickleback populations form when marine water three-spined sticklebacks fish start spending their entire lifecycle in freshwater lakes and streams. To boot, these freshwater populations acquire novel biological traits during their adaptation to a freshwater environment. The processes taking place in these populations are of great interest to evolutionary biologists. Here, we present differential gene expression profiling in G. aculeatus gills, which was performed in marine and freshwater populations of sticklebacks. In total, 2,982 differentially expressed genes between marine and freshwater populations were discovered. We assumed that differentially expressed genes were distributed not randomly along stickleback chromosomes and that they are regularly observed in the “divergence islands” that are responsible for stickleback freshwater adaptation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Трехиглая колюшка (Gasterosteus aculeatus) является удобным объектом для изучения эволюции и процессов видообразования. Количество исследований с ее участием в последние годы неуклонно растет, что обусловлено процессами образования пресноводных форм у данного вида, которые происходят в настоящее время. Морская форма этого вида, заходя на нерест в пресные водоемы, часто остается там и образует пресноводные популяции. Особи в таких популяциях подвергаются отбору и начинают достаточно сильно отличаться от своих морских предков по многим морфобиологическим признакам. Процессы, происходящие в таких популяциях, представляют большой интерес для эволюционных биологов. Методом RNA-seq нами определены различия в экспрессии генов в жаберных тканях морской и пресноводной форм трехиглой колюшки, содержавшихся в морской и пресной воде соответственно. Метод RNA-seq позволяет оценить активность всех генов, экспрессирующихся в данной ткани. В результате были выявлены 2982 гена, активность которых статистически значимо различается в жабрах морских и пресноводных особей, определены функциональные категории, обогащенные найденными генами. Показано, что дифференциально экспрессируемые гены неслучайным образом распределены по большинству хромосом генома, и такие гены часто находятся в геномных «островках дивергенции», ответственных за пресноводную адаптацию колюшки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hree-spined stickleback</kwd><kwd>Gasterosteus aculeatus</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>differential expression</kwd><kwd>RNA-seq</kwd><kwd>osmoregulation</kwd><kwd>GO-analysis</kwd><kwd>speciation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трехиглая колюшка</kwd><kwd>Gasterosteus aculeatus</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная экспрессия</kwd><kwd>RNA-seq</kwd><kwd>осморегуляция</kwd><kwd>GO-анализ</kwd><kwd>видообразование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work is supported by grants from RFBR (No. 14-04-01237) for collection of samples and data analysis and RNF (№ 14-24-00175) for preparation and sequencing of cDNA libraries. Functional analysis of genes was supported by budget project (No. 0324-2018-0017).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантами РФФИ (№ 14-04-01237) – сбор образцов, анализ данных; РНФ (№ 14-24-00175) – приготовление и секвенирование кДНК-библиотек. Функциональный анализ генов поддержан бюджетным проектом (№ 0324-2018-0017).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Hagen D., Gilbertson L. // Evolution. 1972, V.26, P.32-51</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Hohenlohe P.A., Bassham S., Currey M.C., Cresko W.A. // Philos. Transact. Royal Soc. 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