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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10357</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2017-9-4-13-25</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Non-coding RNAs As Transcriptional Regulators In Eukaryotes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Некодирующие РНК, регулирующие транскрипцию в клетках эукариот</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burenina</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буренина</surname><given-names>O. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alunit@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oretskaya</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орецкая</surname><given-names>T. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alunit@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubareva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубарева</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alunit@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff4"><institution>Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO4 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 9, №4 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Burenina O.Y., Oretskaya T.S., Kubareva E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Буренина O.Ю., Орецкая T.С., Кубарева E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burenina O.Y., Oretskaya T.S., Kubareva E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буренина O.Ю., Орецкая T.С., Кубарева E.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10357">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10357</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Non-coding RNAs up to 1,000 nucleotides in length are widespread in eukaryotes and fulfil various regulatory functions, in particular during chromatin remodeling and cell proliferation. These RNAs are not translated into proteins: thus, they are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The present review describes the eukaryotic ncRNAs involved in transcription regulation, first and foremost, targeting RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and/or its major proteinaceous transcription factors. The current state of knowledge concerning the regulatory functions of SRA and TAR RNA, 7SK and U1 snRNA, GAS5 and DHFR RNA is summarized herein. Special attention is given to murine B1 and B2 RNAs and human Alu RNA, due to their ability to bind the active site of RNAP II. Discovery of bacterial analogs of the eukaryotic small ncRNAs involved in transcription regulation, such as 6S RNAs, suggests that they possess a common evolutionary origin.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В клетках эукариот обнаружено множество относительно небольших (длиной до 1000 нуклеотидных остатков) молекул РНК, выполняющих различные регуляторные функции, в том числе при ремоделировании хроматина и пролиферации. Эти РНК не подвергаются трансляции, т.е. являются некодирующими (нкРНК). В обзоре описаны нкРНК эукариот, участвующие в регуляции транскрипции главным образом посредством взаимодействия с РНК-полимеразой II (РНКП II) и/или с ее основными факторами транс крипции белковой природы. Обобщены сведения о регуляторных функциях SRA РНК, 7SK и TAR РНК, U1 мяРНК, GAS5 РНК и DHFR РНК. Особое внимание уделено свойствам B1 и B2 РНК мыши и Alu РНК человека, способных связываться с активным центром РНКП II. Обнаружение бактериальных аналогов малых нкРНК эукариот, вовлеченных в регуляцию транскрипции, а именно 6S РНК, позволяет предположить общность их эволюционного происхождения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>noncoding RNAs</kwd><kwd>RNA polymerase</kwd><kwd>transcription regulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>некодирующие РНК</kwd><kwd>РНК-полимераза</kwd><kwd>регуляция транскрипции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out under the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (No. 14-24-00061).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта РНФ (№ 14-24-00061).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Yang Z., Li X., Yang Y., He Z., Qu X., Zhang Y. // Cell Death Dis. 2016, V.7, №9, e2389</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Francia S. // Front Genet. 2015, V.13, №6, P.320</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Kaikkonen M.U., Lam M.T.Y., Glass C.K. // Cardiovasc. 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