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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10354</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2018-10-1-43-50</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The PTENP1 Pseudogene, Unlike the PTEN Gene, Is Methylated in Normal Endometrium, As Well As in Endometrial Hyperplasias and Carcinomas in Middle-Aged and Elderly Females</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Псевдоген PTENP1, в отличие от гена PTEN, метилирован в нормальных, гиперпластических и малигнизированных тканях эндометрия женщин среднего и пожилого возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>T. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Т. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>patrush@mx.ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>patrush@mx.ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozolinya</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Озолиня</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>patrush@mx.ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>patrush@mx.ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patrushev</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патрушев</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>patrush@ibch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Kovalenko T.F., Morozova K.V., Ozolinya L.A., Lapina I.A., Patrushev L.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Коваленко Т.Ф., Морозова К.В., Озолиня Л.А., Лапина И.А., Патрушев Л.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalenko T.F., Morozova K.V., Ozolinya L.A., Lapina I.A., Patrushev L.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваленко Т.Ф., Морозова К.В., Озолиня Л.А., Лапина И.А., Патрушев Л.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10354">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10354</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The tumor suppressor PTEN controls multiple cellular functions, including cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, transcription, and mRNA translation of numerous genes. In tumor cells, PTEN is frequently inactivated by genetic mutations and epimutations.<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://bpatp.litbang.pertanian.go.id/images/publikasi/buku/rolex-yacht-master-replica.html">rolex yacht master replica</ext-link> The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation patterns of the PTEN gene and its pseudogene PTENP1 as potential genetic markers of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methylation of the 5’-terminal regions of the PTEN and PTENP1 sequences was studied using methyl-sensitive PCR of genomic DNA isolated from 57 cancer, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.anthonysitaliangrill.com/wp-includes/Requests/Exception/HTTP/rolex-datejust-special-edition-replica.html">rolex datejust special edition replica</ext-link>43 endometrial hyperplasia, and normal tissue samples of 24 females aged 17-34 years and 19 females aged 45-65 years, as well as 20 peripheral venous blood samples of EC patients. None of the analyzed DNA samples carried a methylated PTEN gene. On the contrary, the PTENP1 pseudogene was methylated in all analyzed tissues, except for the peripheral blood. Comparison of PTENP1 methylation rates revealed no differences between the EC and EH groups (0.80 &lt; p &lt; 0.50). In all these groups, the methylation level was high (71-77% in patients vs. 58% in controls). Differences in PTENP1 methylation rates between normal endometrium in young (4%) and middle-aged and elderly (58%) females were significant (p &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that PTENP1 pseudogene methylation may reflect age-related changes in the body and is not directly related to the endometrium pathology under study. It is assumed that,<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://buildpalestine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/real-rolex-submariner-vs-fake.html">real rolex submariner vs fake</ext-link> depending on the influence of a methylated PTENP1 pseudogene on PTEN gene expression, the pseudogene methylation may protect against the development of EC and/or serve as a marker of a precancerous condition of endometrial cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Опухолевый супрессор PTEN контролирует многие клеточные функции, включая клеточный цикл, апоптоз, старение, транскрипцию и трансляцию мРНК многих генов. В клетках различных опухолей PTEN часто инактивируется генетическими мутациями и эпимутациями. В данной работе изучено метилирование гена PTEN и его псевдогена PTENP1 как возможного генетического маркера гиперплазий (ГЭ) и рака (РЭ) эндометрия. Метилирование 5’-концевых участков PTEN и PTENР1 анализировали с помощью метилчувствительной ПЦР в геномной ДНК, выделенной из тканей 57 злокачественных опухолей и 43 гиперплазий эндометрия, нормальных тканей 24 женщин в возрасте 17-34 лет и 19 женщин в возрасте 45-65 лет, а также из 20 образцов периферической венозной крови больных РЭ. Установлено, что ни в одном из образцов ДНК ген PTEN не был метилирован. В отличие от этого, метилирование псевдогена PTENP1 обнаружено во всех исследованных тканях, кроме периферической крови. Сравнение частот метилирования PTENP1 в группах РЭ и ГЭ и в контрольной группе женщин среднего и пожилого возраста (СПВ) не выявило статистически значимых различий между ними (0.80 &lt; p &lt; 0.50). Во всех этих группах выявлен высокий уровень метилирования (71-77% у пациенток против 58% в контрольной группе). При этом обнаружены значимые различия в частотах метилирования PTENP1 в нормальном эндометрии молодых (4%) и СПВ (58%) женщин (p &lt; 0.001). Сделан вывод, что метилирование псевдогена PTENP1 может отражать возрастные изменения и не имеет прямой связи с исследуемой патологией эндометрия. Предполагается, что в зависимости от влияния метилированного PTENP1 на экспрессию гена PTEN метилирование псевдогена может защищать организм от развития РЭ и/или служить маркером предракового состояния клеток эндометрия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometrial carcinoma</kwd><kwd>endometrial hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>PTEN</kwd><kwd>PTENP1</kwd><kwd>long non-coding RNA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперплазия эндометрия</kwd><kwd>длинные некодирующие РНК</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>PTEN</kwd><kwd>PTENP1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 14-08-00801).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант № 14-08-00801).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Morice P., Leary A., Creutzberg C., Abu-Rustum N., Darai E. // Lancet. 2016, V.387, №10023, P.1094-1108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Evans-Metcalf E.R., Brooks S.E., Reale F.R., Baker S.P. // Obstet. 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