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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2018-10-2-37-47</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cognitive Tagging of Neurons: CREMediated Genetic Labeling and Characterization of the Cells Involved in Learning and Memory</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Когнитивная индексация нейронов: Cre-управляемое генетическое маркирование и изучение клеток, участвующих в обучении и памяти</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>k.anokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyeva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>k.anokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdeva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>k.anokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>k.anokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>k.anokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anokhin</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анохин</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>k.anokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Neural and Cognitive Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Laboratory for Neurobiology of Memory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт нормальной физиологии им. П.К. Анохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO2 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №2 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Ivashkina O.I., Vorobyeva N.S., Gruzdeva A.M., Roshchina M.A., Toropova K.A., Anokhin K.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Ивашкина О.И., Воробьева Н.С., Груздева А.М., Рощина М.А., Торопова К.А., Анохин К.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkina O.I., Vorobyeva N.S., Gruzdeva A.M., Roshchina M.A., Toropova K.A., Anokhin K.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашкина О.И., Воробьева Н.С., Груздева А.М., Рощина М.А., Торопова К.А., Анохин К.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10342">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10342</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this study, we describe use of Cre-mediated recombination to obtain a permanent genetic labeling of the brain neuronal networks activated during a new experience in animals. This method utilizes bitransgenic Fos-Cre-eGFP mice in which a green fluorescent protein is expressed upon tamoxifen-induced Cre-recombination only in the cells where immediate early gene c-fos expression takes place due to the new experience. We used the classical fear conditioning model to show that ex vivo microscopy of the eGFP protein in Fos-Cre-eGFP mice enables mapping of the neurons of the various brain regions that undergo Cre-recombination during acquisition of a new experience. We exposed the animals to the new environment in brief sessions and demonstrated that double immunohistochemical staining enables a characterization of the types of neocortical and hippocampal neurons that undergo experience-dependent Cre-recombination. Notably, Fos-Cre-eGFP labeled cells appeared to belong to excitatory pyramidal neurons rather than to various types of inhibitory neurons. We also showed that a combination of genetic Cre-eGFP labeling with immunohistochemical staining of the endogenous c-Fos protein allows one to identify and compare the neuronal populations that are activated during two different episodes of new experiences in the same animal. This new approach can be used in a wide spectrum of tasks that require imaging and a comparative analysis of cognitive neuronal networks.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Описан и апробирован метод Cre-опосредуемого перманентного генетического маркирования нейронных сетей головного мозга, активных в ходе приобретения животным нового опыта. Метод основан на использовании двойных трансгенных мышей Fos-Cre-eGFP, у которых в результате управляемой тамоксифеном Cre-рекомбинации зеленый флуоресцентный белок экспрессируется только в тех клетках, в которых в результате получения животным нового опыта происходила экспрессия непосредственного раннего гена c-fos. Визуализация белка eGFP на срезах мозга мышей Fos-Cre-eGFP позволила выявить нейроны, подвергнувшиеся Cre-рекомбинации в момент обучения животных условному рефлексу замирания. С помощью двойного иммуногистохимического окрашивания охарактеризованы типы нейронов неокортекса и гиппокампа, в которых в ходе обследования животными новой обстановки происходила индуцированная опытом Cre-рекомбинация. При этом генетически маркированные нейроны относились к типу пирамидных возбуждающих нейронов, но не к различным типам тормозных нейронов. Показано, что сочетание генетического Cre-eGFP-маркирования с иммуногистохимическим мечением эндогенного белка c-Fos дает возможность выявлять и сравнивать две популяции нейронов мозга, активных во время двух различных эпизодов получения животным нового опыта. Описанный подход может найти широкое применение в визуализации и сравнительном анализе различных когнитивных клеточных сетей головного мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>neuronal networks</kwd><kwd>learning</kwd><kwd>immediate early genes</kwd><kwd>Cre-recombination</kwd><kwd>genetic labeling of neurons</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетическое маркирование нейронов</kwd><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>обучение</kwd><kwd>непосредственно ранние гены</kwd><kwd>Cre-рекомбинация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by a Russian Science Foundation grant (project No. 14-15-00685). The study was carried out using the equipment of the Resource Center for Neurocognitive Studies of the Kurchatov Complex of Nano-bio-info-cognito-socio-technologies.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 14-15-00685). Работа проведена с использованием оборудования Ресурсного центра нейрокогнитивных исследований Курчатовского комплекса НБИКС-технологий.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Anokhin K.V. // Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deiat. Im. I. P. Pavlova. 1997, V.47, №2, P.261-286</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Kaczmarek L. // Handbook of Chem. Neuroanatomy. 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