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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10339</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2018-10-2-16-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular Approaches to Safe and Controlled Engineered T-cell Therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные подходы к безопасной и контролируемой Т-клеточной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>stepanov.aleksei.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>stepanov.aleksei.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knorre</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кнорре</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>stepanov.aleksei.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>stepanov.aleksei.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stepanov.aleksei.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabibov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габибов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>stepanov.aleksei.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии имени академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitrii Rogachev Federal Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO2 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №2 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Kalinin R.S., Petukhov A.V., Knorre V.D., Maschan M.A., Stepanov A.V., Gabibov A.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Калинин Р.С., Петухов А.В., Кнорре В.Д., Масчан М.А., Степанов А.В., Габибов А.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinin R.S., Petukhov A.V., Knorre V.D., Maschan M.A., Stepanov A.V., Gabibov A.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинин Р.С., Петухов А.В., Кнорре В.Д., Масчан М.А., Степанов А.В., Габибов А.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10339">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10339</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy (CAR-T therapy) is one of the fastest developing areas of immuno-oncology. Over the past decade, it has revolutionized the cell therapy modality and expedited its pace of development, from optimization of the structure of chimeric antigen receptors and animal model experiments to successful clinical application. The initial designs of the CAR configuration focused on increasing T-cell activation, cytotoxicity, and persistence. However, the first attempts to treat patients with CAR T cells have demonstrated the need for increased safety and controlled activation of genetically modified T cells. Herein, we summarize the different molecular approaches to engineering chimeric antigen receptors for reducing the potential clinical risks of T-cell therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение Т-клеток, модифицированных химерными антигенными рецепторами (CART), является одним из наиболее активно развивающихся направлений иммуноонкологии. За последнее десятилетие данная область клеточной терапии совершила значительный скачок от оптимизации структуры химерных антигенных рецепторов и экспериментов на модельных животных до успешного клинического применения. Изначально вектор развития CAR был направлен на увеличение активации, цитотоксичности и персистенции модифицированных Т-клеток. Однако первые же попытки клеточной терапии выявили необходимость создания безопасных и контролируемых CAR Т-клеток. В представленном обзоре детально рассмотрены современные принципиально различные подходы к созданию и применению безопасных химерных антигенных рецепторов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chimeric antigen receptors</kwd><kwd>T-cells</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>cancer cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>опухолевые клетки</kwd><kwd>Т-клетки</kwd><kwd>химерные антигенные рецепторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 17-74-30019).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке РНФ (грант № 17-74-30019).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Rosenberg S.A., Lotze M.T., Muul L.M., Leitman S., Chang A.E., Ettinghausen S.E., Matory Y.L., Skibber J.M., Shiloni E., Vetto J.T. // N. Engl. J. 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