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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10338</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2018-10-2-4-15</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hypertension and Cerebral Microangiopathy (Cerebral Small Vessel Disease): Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Their Relationship</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Артериальная гипертензия и церебральная микроангиопатия: генетические и эпигенетические аспекты взаимосвязи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrynina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрынина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dobrla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabitova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забитова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dobrla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dobrla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gnedovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гнедовская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dobrla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dobrla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research center of neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO2 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №2 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Dobrynina L.A., Zabitova M.R., Kalashnikova L.A., Gnedovskaya E.V., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Добрынина Л.А., Забитова М.Р., Калашникова Л.А., Гнедовская Е.В., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dobrynina L.A., Zabitova M.R., Kalashnikova L.A., Gnedovskaya E.V., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Добрынина Л.А., Забитова М.Р., Калашникова Л.А., Гнедовская Е.В., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10338">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10338</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hypertension (HT) and its cerebral complications are extremely vexing medical and social problems. Despite the obvious association between hypertension and the clinical and neuroimaging features of cerebral microangiopathy (CMA) (also known as cerebral small vessel disease), the causal links between them remain ambiguous. Besides, antihypertensive therapy as the only way to manage these patients does not always prevent brain damage. Knowledge about the key factors and mechanisms involved in HT and CMA development is important for predicting the risk of cerebral complications and developing new approaches to their prevention and treatment. At present, genome-wide association studies and other approaches are used to investigate the common hereditary mechanisms of HT and CMA development, which will explain a large number of CMA cases not associated with hypertension, lack of a correlation between HT severity and the degree of cerebral injury, and failure of antihypertensive therapy to prevent CMA progression. Epigenetic markers likely play a modulating role in the development of these diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) и ассоциированные с ней церебральные осложнения являются крайне значимой медицинской и социальной проблемой. Несмотря на очевидную связь АГ с клиническими и нейровизуализационными проявлениями церебральной микроангиопатии (ЦМА, cerebral small vessel disease), причинно-следственные взаимоотношения между ними неоднозначны. Антигипертензивная терапия не всегда оказывается эффективной для предотвращения поражения головного мозга. Значение универсальных факторов развития АГ и ЦМА важно для прогнозирования возникновения церебральных осложнений и разработки новых направлений их профилактики и лечения. В настоящее время на основе полногеномных исследований ассоциаций и других современных подходов осуществляется поиск общих наследственно обусловленных механизмов развития АГ и ЦМА, позволяющих объяснить значительное число случаев ЦМА без АГ, несоответствие между тяжестью АГ и выраженностью церебрального поражения, неэффективность антигипертензивной терапии в сдерживании прогрессирования ЦМА. Определенная роль в развитии заболеваний отводится эпигенетическим маркерам, по всей видимости, играющим важную модулирующую роль.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>cerebral microangiopathy</kwd><kwd>small vessel disease</kwd><kwd>neuroimaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>церебральная микроангиопатия</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Oganov R.G., Timofeeva T.N., Koltunov I.E., Konstantinov V.V., Balanova Y.A., Kapustina A.V., Lel’chuk I.N., Shal’nova S.A., Deev A.D. // Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika 2011, V.10, №1, P.9-13</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>[2] Chazova I.E., Oshchepkova E.V. // Vestnik RAMN 2013, №2, P.4-11</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>[3] Lewington S., Clarke R., Qizilbash N., Peto R., Collins R. // Lancet. 2002, V.360, P.1903-1913</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>[4] Mancia G., Fagard R., Narkiewicz K., Redón J., Zanchetti A., Böhm M., Christiaens T., Cifkova R., De Backer G., Dominiczak A. // J. 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