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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10319</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2018-10-3-30-39</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Possibilities for Using Pluripotent Stem Cells for Restoring Damaged Eye Retinal Pigment Epithelium</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности использования плюрипотентных стволовых клеток для восстановления поврежденного пигментного эпителия сетчатки глаза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонов</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maryalag@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surdina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурдина</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maryalag@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>O. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maryalag@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomazova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомазова</surname><given-names>A. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maryalag@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagarkova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагарькова</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maryalag@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO3 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №3 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Kharitonov A.E., Surdina A.V., Lebedeva O.S., Bogomazova A.N., Lagarkova M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Харитонов A.E., Сурдина A.В., Лебедева O.С., Богомазова A.Н., Лагарькова M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharitonov A.E., Surdina A.V., Lebedeva O.S., Bogomazova A.N., Lagarkova M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харитонов A.E., Сурдина A.В., Лебедева O.С., Богомазова A.Н., Лагарькова M.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10319">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10319</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The retinal pigment epithelium is a monolayer of pigmented, hexagonal cells connected by tight junctions. These cells compose part of the outer blood-retina barrier, protect the eye from excessive light, have important secretory functions, and support the function of photoreceptors, ensuring the coordination of a variety of regulatory mechanisms. It is the degeneration of the pigment epithelium that is the root cause of many retinal degenerative diseases. The search for reliable cell sources for the transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium is of extreme urgency. Pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem or induced pluripotent) can be differentiated with high efficiency into the pigment epithelium of the retina, which opens up possibilities for cellular therapy in macular degeneration and can slow down the development of pathology and, perhaps, restore a patient's vision. Pioneering clinical trials on transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells in the United States and Japan confirmed the need for developing and optimizing such approaches to cell therapy. For effective use, pigment epithelial cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells should have a set of functional properties characteristic of such cells in vivo. This review summarizes the current state of preclinical and clinical studies in the field of retinal pigment epithelial transplantation therapy. We also discuss different differentiation protocols based on data in the literature and our own data, and the problems holding back the widespread therapeutic application of retinal pigment epithelium differentiated from pluripotent stem cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пигментный эпителий сетчатки представляет собой монослой пигментированных гексагональных клеток, соединенных плотными контактами. Эти клетки составляют часть внешнего барьера между кровью и сетчаткой, защищают глаз от излишнего света, обладают важными секреторными функциями, а также поддерживают работу фоторецепторов, обеспечивая координацию множества регуляторных механизмов. Именно дегенерация пигментного эпителия является первопричиной многих дегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки глаза. Поиск надежных источников клеток для трансплантации пигментного эпителия сетчатки представляет крайне актуальную задачу. Плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (эмбриональные стволовые или индуцированные плюрипотентные) можно с высокой эффективностью дифференцировать в пигментный эпителий сетчатки, что открывает возможности для клеточной терапии при дегенерации сетчатки и может позволить замедлить развитие патологии и даже, возможно, вернуть пациенту зрение. Пионерские работы по трансплантации клеток пигментного эпителия сетчатки, дифференцированных из плюрипотентных стволовых клеток, проводимые в США и Японии, подтверждают необходимость развития и оптимизации подобных подходов к клеточной терапии. Для эффективного применения клетки пигментного эпителия, дифференцированные из плюрипотентных стволовых клеток, должны иметь набор функциональных свойств, характерный для клеток пигментного эпителия in vivo. В этом обзоре обобщен текущий статус доклинических и клинических исследований в области заместительной терапии пигментного эпителия сетчатки. На основании собственных и опубликованных данных проведено сравнение разных протоколов дифференцировки, обозначены медицинские проблемы, стоящие на пути к широкому применению пигментного эпителия сетчатки, дифференцированного из плюрипотентных стволовых клеток.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Retinal pigment epithelium</kwd><kwd>differentiation</kwd><kwd>embryonic stem cells</kwd><kwd>induced pluripotent stem cells</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>clinical trials</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дифференцировка</kwd><kwd>индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>клинические испытания</kwd><kwd>пигментный эпителий сетчатки</kwd><kwd>эмбриональные стволовые клетки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (No. 14-15-00930).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (№ 14-15-00930).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Jones M.K., Lu B., Girman S., Wang S. // Prog. 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