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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Naturae</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Acta Naturae</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-8251</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Acta Naturae Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10317</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32607/20758251-2018-10-3-23-29</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High-Throughput Screening of Biodiversity for Antibiotic Discovery</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Высокопроизводительный скрининг природного биоразнообразия с целью поиска новых антибиотиков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sterekhoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osterman</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остерман</surname><given-names>И. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sterekhoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sterekhoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO3 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №3 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Terekhov S.S., Osterman I.A., Smirnov I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Терехов С.С., Остерман И.A., Смирнов И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Terekhov S.S., Osterman I.A., Smirnov I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Терехов С.С., Остерман И.A., Смирнов И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10317">https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10317</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The increasing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens challenges modern technologies of drug discovery. Combinatorial chemistry approaches are based on chemical libraries. They enable the creation of high-affinity low-molecular-weight ligands of the therapeutically significant molecular targets of human cells, thus opening an avenue toward a directed design of highly effective therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, these approaches face insurmountable difficulties in antibiotic discovery. Natural compounds that have evolved for such important characteristics as broad specificity and efficiency are a good alternative to chemical libraries. However, unrestricted use of natural antibiotics and their analogues leads to avalanche-like spread of resistance among bacteria. The search for new natural antibiotics, in its turn, is extremely complicated nowadays by the problem of antibiotic rediscovery. This calls for the application of alternative high-throughput platforms for antibiotic activity screening, cultivation of “unculturable” microorganisms, exploration of novel antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters, as well as their activation and heterologous expression. Microfluidic technologies for the screening of antibiotic activity at the level of single cells are, therefore, of great interest, since they enable the use of a single platform to combine the technology of ultrahigh-throughput screening, next-generation sequencing, and genome mining, thus opening up unique opportunities for antibiotic discovery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рост числа случаев инфицирования антибиотикорезистентными штаммами патогенов бросает вызов современным технологиям поиска новых лекарственных препаратов. Подходы комбинаторной химии, основанные на использовании химических библиотек и направленные на создание высокоаффинных низкомолекулярных лигандов терапевтически значимых молекулярных мишеней клеток человека, успешно зарекомендовали себя в области направленного создания высокоэффективных терапевтических агентов. В то же время эти подходы зачастую сталкиваются с непреодолимыми трудностями при создании новых антибиотиков. Природные соединения, отобранные в результате эволюции по таким важным характеристикам, как широкая специфичность и эффективность, представляют собой хорошую альтернативу химическим библиотекам. Вместе с тем, неограниченное использование природных антибиотиков и их аналогов приводит к лавинообразному распространению генов устойчивости среди бактерий. Обнаружение новых природных антибиотиков, в свою очередь, чрезвычайно затрудняет проблема «переоткрытия антибиотиков», что ставит задачу поиска альтернативных высокопроизводительных платформ скрининга антибиотической активности, культивирования «некультивируемых» микроорганизмов, а также поиска новых кластеров биосинтеза антибиотиков, их активации и гетерологической экспрессии. Высокий интерес представляют микрофлюидные технологии скрининга антибиотической активности на уровне единичных клеток, которые позволяют объединить в рамках одной платформы технологии ультравысокопроизводительного скрининга, широкомасштабного секвенирования и геномного майнинга, открывая уникальные возможности для обнаружения новых антибиотиков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-throughput screening</kwd><kwd>antibiotic discovery</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>microfluidics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительный скрининг</kwd><kwd>микрофлюидика</kwd><kwd>открытие антибиотиков</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 14-50-00131.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 14-50-00131.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>[1] Lewis K. // Nat. 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